Figure 1.

Ionic cloud surrounding the surface-anchored cell over the sensing electrode polarizes (a) and leads to the formation of capacitive behavior of the cell, which is contributing to various elements of the sensed capacitance network (b) [60]; (b) illustrates the model of sensed capacitance during the adhesion and post-adhesion phase of the interaction process between cell and substrate [64]. C_ox stands for passivation layer capacitance, C_cell stands for cell layer capacitance, C_f stands for fringe parasitic capacitance, C_int stands for interfacial capacitance, and C_gm stands for growth medium capacitance [60]. Reproduced with the permission of Elsevier.