Table 1.
Summary of detection limits for various types of immunoassay lab-on-a-chips for foodborne pathogens.
| Format | Target & Sample Matrix | Detection Limit | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| LFA | IgG in mosquito bloodmeal Schistosoma in urine Streptococcus pneumonia in fish sperm Treponema pallidum in serum |
10 ng/mL 0.2 ng/mL 1 ng/mL 5 ng/mL |
[32] [33] [34] [35] |
| ELISA LOC |
E. coli O157:H7 Staphylococcal enterotoxin B Salmonella |
3.2 × 101 CFU/mL 0.5 ng/mL 103 CFU/mL |
[36] [37] [38] |
| SPR | Antibiotics in milk E. coli O157:H7 in milk, juice & beef E. coli O157:H7 E. coli O157:H7 in apple juice Salmonella typhimurium in apple juice Salmonella typhimurium |
1.1–2.1 ng/mL 102–103 CFU/mL 104–106 CFU/mL 104 CFU/mL 104 CFU/mL 102 CFU/mL |
[42] [43] [44] [45] [45] [46] |
| LIA LOC | Avian influenza in chicken feces E. coli in lettuce Salmonella in chicken tissue |
10 pg/mL 10 CFU/mL 10 CFU/mL |
[58] [59] [60] |
| IME LOC |
E. coli in lettuce Salmonella in milk E. coli |
104–106 CFU/mL single cell w/ culturing 102 CFU/mL |
[61] [62] [63] |
| CNT LOC |
E. coli O157:H7 T7 bacteriophage Staphylococcal enterotoxin B in food Hepatitis B in human serum |
103–105 CFU/mL 103 PFU/mL 10 pg/mL 10 pg/mL |
[64] [64] [65–67] [68] |