Table 2.

Classification overview of TLS applications in tunnelling operations.

Applications of Terrestrial Laser Scanning in Tunnel Construction
geometric documentation	geological/geotechnical analysis	deformation monitoring	asset inventory surveys
excavation profile/volume control	geological features mapping	ground displacement and subsidence	3D “as-built” documentation
under & over-break calculation	rockmass discontinuities characterization	tunnel tube convergence	tunnel assets documentation
drill/blast pattern verification shotcrete layer thickness determination tunnel surface documentation	leakage regions mapping