Outer capsid radius compared to inner capsid radius of the double-shell model. The thickness of the capsid emerges naturally from this linear dependence: the dashed line shows a thickness of 4.5 nm (i.e., Rout = Rin + 4.5 nm), and the dot-dashed line shows a thickness of 1.5 nm. Approximately two-thirds of the analyzed capsids have a thickness between 2–4 nm. Symbols encode some different virus types: single-stranded genome (circles), double-stranded genome (squares), bacteriophages (diamonds), and T = p3 ssRNA viruses (triangles). The same symbols are used throughout the paper in other similar figures