Table 1.
Demographic, Clinical, and Laboratory Characteristics of 107 Episodes of Seasonal Influenza in 102 Pediatric Patients with Cancer
| Total n = 107 episodes |
Leukemia/Lymphoma n = 69 episodes |
Solid tumor n = 19 episodes |
HCST n = 19 episodes |
P valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Median age (y)(IQR) | 7.2 (3.8–11.2) | 7.0 (4.0–9.0) | 5.5 (6.4) | 11.5 (8.0–15.0) | 0.02 |
|
| |||||
| Male (%) | 49 (46) | 38 (66) | 11 (58) | 9 (47) | 0.8 |
|
| |||||
| Race (%) | |||||
| White | 64 (60) | 40 (58) | 13 (68) | 11 (58) | 1.0 |
| Black | 31 (29) | 21 (30) | 4 (21) | 6 (32) | |
| Other | 12 (11) | 8 (12) | 2 (11) | 2 (11) | |
|
| |||||
| Vaccinated (%)b | 31 (56) | 20 (64) | 7 (23) | 4 (33) | 0.2 |
|
| |||||
| Influenza type (%) | |||||
| A | 70 (65) | 40 (58) | 14 (74) | 16 (84) | 0.08 |
| B | 37 (35) | 29 (42) | 5 (63) | 3 (16) | |
|
| |||||
| Nosocomial infection (%)c | 4 (4) | 0 (0) | 1 (5) | 3 (17) | 0.005 |
|
| |||||
| Symptoms (%) | |||||
| Fever | 98 (92) | 67 (97) | 16 (84) | 15 (79) | 0.01 |
| Cough | 102 (95) | 67 (97) | 17 (89) | 18 (95) | 0.2 |
| Coryza | 88 (82) | 58 (84) | 16 (84) | 14 (74) | 0.6 |
| Pharyngitis | 23 (22) | 18 (26) | 1 (5) | 4 (21) | 0.1 |
| Wheezing | 10 (9) | 7 (10) | 1 (5) | 2 (11) | 1.0 |
| Myalgia | 13 (12) | 10 (14) | 2 (11) | 1 (5) | 0.5 |
| Malaise | 31 (29) | 21 (30) | 5 (26) | 5 (26) | 1.0 |
| Dizziness | 3 (3) | 1 (1) | 1 (5) | 1 (5) | 0.3 |
| Headache | 17 (16) | 12 (17) | 3 (16) | 2 (11) | 0.9 |
| Gastrointestinal | 34 (32) | 17 (10) | 9 (47) | 8 (42) | 0.1 |
|
| |||||
| Laboratory results, median (IQR)d | |||||
| WBC (n = 106) | 2.0 (1.1–5.0) | 1.9 (1.0–3.0) | 3.5 (3.1) | 4.8 (4.5) | 0.001 |
| ANC (n = 106) | 1300 (500–2967) | 900 (300–2000) | 1600 (990–4600) | 3200 (1400–7700) | 0.001 |
| ALC (n = 97) | 360 (180–836) | 331 (194–594) | 799 (270–1854) | 328 (168–960) | 0.2 |
|
| |||||
| Concurrent infection (%) | 18 (17) | 10 (9) | 0 (0) | 4 (21) | 0.03 |
|
| |||||
| Co-pathogen identified (%) | 12 (11) | 6 (9) | 1 (5) | 5 (26) | 0.08 |
ALC, absolute lymphocyte count (cells/μL); ALT, alanine aminotransferase (units/L); ANC, absolute neutrophil count (cells/μL); AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL); Cr, creatinine (mg/dL); HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplant; IQR, interquartile range; WBC, white blood count (×103/μL).
Values were compared across cancer diagnoses by the Chi square, Fisher’s exact or Kruskal-Wallis tests or ANOVA.
Vaccination data were available for 55 patients.
Nosocomial infection data were available for 106 episodes
Obtained within 48 hours of the diagnosis of influenza; n indicates number of tests performed.