A TNF-α-induced netrin-1 decreases in YAMC cells at 24 hrs when pre-treated with Bay11-7085; NF-κB activation decreases using antibody to nuclear localization signal of NF-κB/p65. B Similarly, Bay11-7085 blocks netrin-1 in YAMC cells exposed to E. faecalis-infected macrophages using the dual-chamber co-culture system. C Colon macrophages from Il10−/− mice colonized with E. faecalis for 9 months (bottom, inset, green arrows, 40X) stain intensely for nuclear localization sequence of NF-κB/p65 (20X); epithelial cells also stain strongly (bottom, inset, red arrows); in contrast, weak or no staining is seen for sham-treated mice (top).