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. 2011 Dec;84(1008):1067–1082. doi: 10.1259/bjr/74368403

Table 1. Short and ultrashort echo time (TE) imaging techniques.

Technique Radiofrequency pulses and gradient k-space trajectory
Single point [29] Non-selective hard pulse with gradient applied 3D point-by-point
Multipoint [30] Hard pulse with gradient applied 3D partial lines
Several points
UTE [31,159-161] 2D two half pulses Radial from centre out
BLAST [162] 3D hard pulse FID acquisition
PETRA [163] No gradient applied during radiofrequency
ZTE [164]
BLAST
PETRA
ZTE
WASPI [32] 3D hard pulse with gradient on. Preparation pulses with water and fat signal suppression Radial from centre out, FID acquisition
Gradient echo 2D, 3D Radial rephasing gradients
Cones [165] 3D Spiral, from centre out, FID data collection
Spiral [166]
Stack of spirals [33]
Echo planar imaging [167]
Twisted radial projection [168]
bSSFP [116,169]
bUTE [170]
VIPR-ATR [171]
bUTE
VIPR-ATR
SWIFT, SEA [34-37] 3D radiofrequency sub-pulses Radial, centre out

3D, three-dimensional; 2D, two-dimensional; UTE, ultrashort TE; BLAST, back projection low angle shot; PETRA, pointwise encoding time reduction with radial acquisition; ZTE, zero TE; WASPI, water- and fat-suppressed proton projection imaging; FID, free induction decay; bSSFP, balanced steady-state free precession; bUTE, balanced UTE; VIPR-ATR, vastly undersampled isotropic projection reconstruction-alternating length repetition times; SWIFT, sweep imaging with Fourier transformation; SEA, simultaneous excitation and acquisition.