Table 7.
Measures of improvement in COPD community-based services*
|
No. of model elements |
Successful combinations |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | No. | Model Element | |
|
Knowledge |
2 sig (Emery et al. 1998; Goransson et al. 2003) 2 n/s (Brough et al. 1982; Cockcroft et al. 1987) |
2 sig (Hermiz et al. 2002; Hernandez et al. 2003) |
n/a |
n/a |
1 |
Self-management |
| |
|
|
|
|
2 |
Self-management |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Delivery system design |
|
Dyspnoea |
1 n/s (Zimmerman et al. 1996) |
2 n/s (Hermiz et al. 2002; Monninkhof et al. 2003) |
1 sig (Neff et al. 2003) 1 n/s (Bourbeau et al 2003) |
n/a |
3 |
Self-management |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Delivery system design |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Decision support |
|
Quality of life |
4 n/s (Emery et al. 1998; Weinberger et al. 2002; Cockcroft et al. 1987; Littlejohns et al. 1991) |
2 n/s (Hermiz et al. 2002; Monninkhof et al. 2003) |
1 sig (Neff et al. 2003) 1 n/s (Bourbeau et al. 2003) |
n/a |
3 |
Self-management |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Delivery system design |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Decision support |
|
Lung function |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
1 sig (Rea et al. 2004) |
4 |
Self-management |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Delivery system design |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Decision support |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Clinical information system |
|
Performance |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
n/a |
|
Mortality |
3 n/s (Farrero et al. 2001; Cockcroft et al. 1987; Littlejohns et al. 1991) |
3 n/s (Monninkhof et al. 2003; Hernamdez et al. 2002) |
n/a |
1 n/s (Rea et al. 2004) |
n/a |
n/a |
|
Health care use |
n/a |
4 sig (Hermiz et al. 2002; Hernandez et al. 2002; Steinel and Madigan 2003; Haggarty et al. 1991) |
2 sig (Neff et al. 2003; Bourbeau et al. 2003) |
n/a |
2 |
Self-management |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Delivery system design |
| |
|
|
|
|
2 |
Delivery system design |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Decision support |
| |
|
|
|
|
3 |
Self-management |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Delivery system design |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Decision support |
|
Hospitalisation |
1 sig (Farrero et al. 2001) 3 n/s (Cockcroft et al. 1987; Littlejohns et al. 1991; Weinberger et al. 2002) |
4 sig (Hermiz et al. 2002; Hernandez et al. 2003; Steinel and Madigan 2003; Haggerty et al. 1991) |
2 sig (Bourbeau et al. 2003; Neff et al. 2003) |
2 sig (Barnett 2003; Rea et al. 2004) |
1 |
Self-management |
| |
|
|
|
|
2 |
Self-management |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Delivery system design |
| |
|
|
|
|
2 |
Delivery system design |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Decision support |
| |
|
|
|
|
3 |
Self-management |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Delivery system design |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Decision support |
| |
|
|
|
|
4 |
Self-management |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Delivery system design |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Decision support |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Clinical information systems |
|
Length of stay |
3 n/s (Cockcroft et al. 1987; Littlejohns et al. 1991; Farrero et al. 2001) |
2 sig (Hernandez et al. 2002; Steinel and Madigan 2003) |
2 sig (Bourbeau et al. 2003; Neff et al. 2003) |
n/a |
2 |
Self-management |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Delivery system design |
| |
|
|
|
|
2 |
Delivery system design |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Decision support |
| |
|
|
|
|
3 |
Self-management |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Delivery system design |
| Decision support | ||||||
*Adapted from Adams et al. 2007 [33].