Table 1.
Mitochondrial Thiols and Related Enzymatic Systems in Disease
| Thiols involved | References | |
|---|---|---|
| Neurodegeneration | ||
| Models of Alzheimer's disease | Prx3, GSH | 16, 55, 91 |
| Models of Parkinson's disease | Grx1*, Grx2, GSH, Protein-SSG, Prx3, Prx5 | 27, 44, 55, 60, 94, 98, 125, 155 |
| Excitotoxicity | Prx3 | 60 |
| Down syndrome | Prx3 | 91, 94 |
| Liver diseases | ||
| Alcohol-induced hepatoxicity | Srx | 9 |
| Alcoholic steatohepatitis | GSH | 33, 105, 201, 202 |
| Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis | GSH | 109 |
| Chronic alcoholism | GSH | 50 |
| Acetaminophen toxicity | GSH | 179, 201 |
| Liver cirrhosis | GSH | 93 |
| Cardiovascular diseases | ||
| Ischemic preconditioning | Protein-SSG, Protein-SNO | 24, 62 |
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | TrxR2 | 160 |
| Myocardial infarction | Prx3 | 7 |
| Vascular muscle function | Protein-SSG | 63 |
| Diabetes | ||
| Glucose tolerance | Prx3 | 21 |
| Diabetic retinopathy | GSH | 86 |
| Cancer | ||
| Hepatocellular carcinomas | TrxR2, Prx3 | 29 |
| Human breast cancer | Prx3 | 129 |
| Colon cancer cell protection | Prx3 | 131 |
| Neoplastic transformation | Prx3 | 188 |
| Aging | GSH, Prx5 | 43, 146, 165, 181 |
| Stroke - Focal cerebral ischemia | GSH | 3, 163 |
The table summarizes the involvement of selective mitochondrial thiols in different disease models addressed in this review. *Glutaredoxin-1 in the inter-membrane space.