Table 1.
Immunotherapy | Study | Outcome | |
---|---|---|---|
Protein or peptide based vaccines | MAGE-A3 | Vansteenkiste et al. [22]. Phase II; 182 patients with resected stage IB-II. | Immune response. Clinical response. Trend toward survival benefit. |
EGF | Gonzalez et al. [24]. 83 patients with stage IIIB/IV. | Immune response. Clinical response. Survival benefit for vaccinated patients (8 months) vs. nonrandomized controls (4.5 months). | |
MUC-1 | Butts et al. [35, 36]. Phase IIB; 171 patients with stage IIIB/IV. | Immune response. Clinical response. Trend toward survival benefit. | |
IDM-2101 (multiple antigens) | Barve et al. [37]. Phase II; 63 patients with stage IV. | Immune response. Clinical response. Trend toward survival benefit. | |
Tumor cell vaccines expressing | GM-CSF | Nemunaitis et al. [40]. Phase I/II; 43 patients with stage IB-IV. Nemunaitis et al. (GVAX) [41]. Phase I/II; 49 patients with stage IIIA/IV. |
Immune response. Clinical response. 3/33 advanced-stage patients (2 BACs) durable CRs lasting 6, 18, and ≥ 22 months. OS correlated with level of GM-CSF secretion by vaccine. Immune response. No clinical response. |
TGF-β antisense | Nemunaitis et al. [51]. Phase II; 75 patients with stage II-IV. | Immune response. Clinical response. |