Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the 7,328 study subjects according to the presence of diabetes by the Japan Diabetes Society criteria.
| JDS criteria | ||||
| Variable | Total (N = 7,328) | Non diabetes (N = 7,175) | Diabetes (N = 153) | P value |
| Fasting plasma glucose1 (mmol/L) | 5.40 (0.81) | 5.32 (0.57) | 8.95 (1.97) | <0.001 |
| Fasting plasma glucose2 (mmol/L) | 5.42 (0.83) | 5.35 (0.62) | 8.66 (2.02) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin A1c1 (%)a | 5.5 (0.6) | 5.4 (0.4) | 8.0 (1.5) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin A1c2 (%)a | 5.5 (0.6) | 5.4 (0.5) | 7.7 (1.4) | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 54.0 (12.4) | 54.0 (12.4) | 58.5 (10.4) | <0.001 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 3,685 (50.3) | 3,583 (49.9) | 102 (66.7) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.0 (3.1) | 22.9 (3.1) | 25.0 (3.2) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 124.1 (18.1) | 123.9 (18.0) | 135.1 (17.7) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74.9 (11.1) | 74.7 (11.0) | 80.7 (10.3) | 0.010 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.06 (0.77–1.56) | 1.06 (0.77–1.55) | 1.57(1.07–2.03) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.25 (0.90) | 5.25 (0.90) | 5.56 (0.91) | 0.004 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.49 (0.39) | 1.50 (0.39) | 1.31 (0.33) | 0.011 |
| Asparate aminotransferase (U/L) | 21 (18–25) | 21 (18–25) | 24 (20–32) | <0.001 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 18 (14–26) | 18 (14–25) | 25 (18–38) | <0.001 |
| Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (U/L) | 18 (11–32) | 17 (11–32) | 32 (18–50) | <0.001 |
| White blood cell count (109/l) | 5.6 (4.7–6.6) | 5.6 (4.7–6.6) | 6.2 (5.3–7.4) | 0.003 |
JDS, Japan Diabetes Society.
Data are expressed as mean (standard deviation), median (25 percentile–75 percentile) or number (%). Probability values are for comparison of categories of means (analysis of variance adjusted by sex and age) or percentages (chi-square test). The subscripts of 1 and 2 mean first and second visits, respectively.
a
The JDS value of hemoglobin A1c were converted into National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program units.