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. 2012 Aug 8;32(Pt 5):465–478. doi: 10.1042/BSR20120034

Figure 5. Chronic saturated fatty acid exposure inhibits PI3K signalling in C2C12.

Figure 5

(A) C2C12 myotubes were treated with increasing concentrations of palmitate in DMEM/4.8% BSA or DMEM/4.8% BSA alone for 24 h as described in the Materials and methods section. Cells were then serum starved for 3–4 h and subsequently either left untreated or treated with insulin for 30 min as indicated. Cell lysates were obtained, and separated by SDS/PAGE and immunoblotted with specific antibodies as indicated. A representative experiment is shown. (B) Quantification of the effects of fatty acid exposure on insulin signalling. Data for individual proteins were normalized to loading controls (Akt, ERK, JNK or actin). Control cells were used as reference. Data shown are means±S.E.M. for three to five experiments. Statistical analysis: ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc test (*or ◇P<0.05, ** or ◇◇P<0.01 and ◇◇◇P<0.001.