Table 2.
Characteristics of the study population – psychological characteristics
| Characteristic | Controls | All TMD cases | TMD w/o WPT | TMD with WPT |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean(SD) | Mean(SD) | Mean(SD) | Mean(SD) | |
| Perceived stress* | 17.0 (4.6) | 20.4 (5.3) | 20.6 (5.5)a | 20.3 (5.3)b |
| STAI | ||||
| State anxiety* | 29.9 (6.5) | 34.5 (7.6) | 34.4 (7.1) a | 34.6 (8.2)b |
| Trait anxiety* | 32.7 (8.3) | 37.8 (9.7) | 37.9 (9.3) a | 37.7 (10.1)b |
| SCL-90-R depression* | 16.4 (4.3) | 19.8 (6.9) | 18.9 (5.7)a | 20.9 (7.8)b |
| Pain catastrophizing scale* | 6.8 (6.3) | 11.2 (10.6) | 10.7 (9.9) a | 11.8 (11.4)b |
| Somatic awareness* | 88.8 (17.6) | 115.4 (24.6) | 107.6 (21.8) a,c | 123.8 (24.9)b,c |
| POMS-BI | ||||
| Agreeable-hostile* | 30.4 (4.8) | 27.6 (5.9) | 28.1 (5.9) a | 27.0 (5.9)b |
| Elated-depressed* | 28.4 (5.8) | 25.2 (6.7) | 25.9 (6.2)a | 24.4 (7.2)b |
| Confident-unsure* | 26.2 (5.8) | 23.5 (6.5) | 24.2 (6.0) | 22.7 (6.9)b |
| Energetic-tired* | 25.4 (7.5) | 19.5 (8.4) | 21.6 (7.5)a | 17.1 (8.9)b |
| Clearheaded-confused* | 30.0 (5.4) | 27.7 (6.3) | 28.4 (5.5) | 26.7 (7.1)b |
| Composed-anxious* | 28.8 (5.9) | 24.8 (6.7) | 25.0 (6.6)a | 24.4 (6.7)b |
Abbreviations: TMD, temporomandibular disorders; WPT, widespread palpation tenderness; w/o, without; STAI, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; POMS-BI, Profile of Mood States-Bi-Polar; SCL-90-R, Symptoms Checklist – 90 Revised.
Note: Number of study subjects included in each group for age and all psychological measures:
- Controls: maximum 181, range 168–181
- All TMD cases: maximum 159, range 149–159
- TMD without WPT: maximum 83, range 78–83
- TMD with WPT: maximum 76, range 68–76
Controls vs. all TMD cases: p<0.004
a
Controls vs. TMD without (w/o) WPT: p<0.004
b
Controls vs. TMD with WPT: p<0.004
c
TMD w/o WPT vs. TMD with WPT: p<0.004