Table 5.
Predictors of Soluble CD14 (sCD14) and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Levels
| Covariate | All Subjects |
HIV-Infected Subjects |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate Models |
Multivariate Models |
Univariate Models |
Multivariate Models |
|||||
| Parameter Estimate (95% CI) | P | Parameter Estimate (95% CI) | P | Parameter Estimate (95% CI) | P | Parameter Estimate (95% CI) | P | |
| Baseline sCD14 (per 1 µg/mL) | ||||||||
| CIMT (per 1 µm) | −0.004 (−.008 to .001) | .094 | … | … | −0.005 (−.011 to .001) | .120 | … | … |
| Baseline LPS (per 100 pg/mL) | −0.033 (−.074 to .008) | .110 | … | … | −0.034 (−.092 to .024) | .240 | … | … |
| HIV infected vs HIV uninfected | −1.185 (−1.958 to −.412) | .003 | −0.781 (−1.488 to −.074) | .03 | … | … | … | … |
| Triglycerides (reference, ≥150 mg/dL) | −1.334 (−2.087 to −.582) | .001 | −0.924 (−1.625 to −.223) | .01 | −1.347 (−2.516 to −.177) | .027 | −1.037 (−1.899 to −.175) | .021 |
| Use of lipid-lowering drugs | 1.045 (−.110 to 2.200) | .075 | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| BMI (per kg/m2) | −0.124 (−.270 to .022) | .094 | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| Waist-hip ratio (per 0.1 unit) | 0.813 (.204–1.422) | .010 | … | … | 0.906 (−.083 to 1.894) | .070 | … | … |
| Insulin (per 10 mU/L) | 0.711 (−.068 to 1.491) | .073 | … | … | 0.966 (−.135 to 2.067) | .082 | … | … |
| hs-CRP (per 10 mg/L) | 2.001 (1.326–2.676) | <.001 | 1.812 (1.180–2.444) | <.001 | 2.936 (2.084–3.789) | <.001 | 2.858 (2.090–3.625) | <.001 |
| Homocysteine (per 10 µmol/L) | 0.747 (−.080 to 1.575) | .076 | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| Baseline LPS (per 100 pg/mL) | ||||||||
| CIMT (per 1 µm) | −0.014 (−.033 to .006) | .180 | … | … | −15.168 (−30.498 to .162) | .052 | … | … |
| Baseline sCD14 (per 1 µg/mL) | −0.450 (−1.257 to .357) | .270 | … | … | −0.171 (−.831 to .490) | .590 | … | … |
| Female sex | 10.237 (.377 to 20.097) | .042 | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| Triglycerides (reference, ≥150 mg/dL) | −2.852 (−5.893 to .189) | .065 | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| BMI (per kg/m2) | … | … | … | … | −0.350 (−.768 to .068) | .095 | … | … |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.
P < .10 for all predictors, except baseline CIMT, sCD14, and LPS. The reference group used for determination of the parameter estimate was clarified as needed. In univariate analysis, the baseline covariates considered for all subjects were age, sex, race, fasting lipid measurements (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and non-HDL cholesterol), use of lipid-lowering drugs, fasting glucose, BMI, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, insulin, hs-CRP, homocysteine, sCD14, LPS, and CIMT. For the HIV-infected subjects, additional covariates included years of protease inhibitor use, CD4+ T-cell counts, and nadir CD4+ T-cell counts. Only covariates significant (P < .05) in univariate analysis were considered in the multivariate models; the final multivariate models in this table include only the covariates remaining significant.