Table 2.
Associations Between Outcome Adherence and Baseline Patient Characteristics
| Outcome ICS Adherence | Outcome LABA Adherence | Outcome IP Adherence | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adherent N = 525 | Nonadherent N = 1016 | Adherent N = 487 | Nonadherent N = 479 | Adherent N = 863 | Nonadherent N = 1292 | |
| Demographic/Behavioral | ||||||
| Age in years (m, sd) | 66.1 (11.2) | 65.7 (11.3) | 67.3 (10.6)* | 64.7 (11.0)* | 66.2 (10.3) | 66.6 (10.6) |
| Male (%) | 97.7 | 96.8 | 97.7 | 96.5 | 97.8 | 97.1 |
| Race (%) | ||||||
| White | 71.8 | 74.8 | 75.8 | 73.5 | 75.7 | 75.2 |
| Other | 7.2 | 6.4 | 5.8 | 8.1 | 4.2 | 4.8 |
| Unknown | 21.0 | 18.8 | 18.5 | 18.4 | 20.2 | 20.1 |
| Smoker within past year (%) | 34.7 | 36.2 | 34.9 | 35.7 | 45.1 | 43.1 |
| Missed clinic visits (m, sd) | 0.5 (1.1) | 0.6 (1.1) | 0.5 (1.0)* | 0.8 (1.3)* | 0.6 (1.1) | 0.5 (1.0) |
| COPD severity | ||||||
| FEV1 in percent-predicted (m, sd) | 42.3 (19.2) | 44.2 (20.3) | 39.2 (18.4)* | 43.3 (19.8)* | 37.7 (20.0)* | 44.0 (20.8)* |
| FEV1 in liters (m, sd) | 1.6 (0.7)* | 1.7 (0.7)* | 1.5 (0.6)* | 1.7 (0.7)* | 1.6 (0.7)* | 1.8 (0.7)* |
| ≥1 inpt. COPD exac. (%) | 5.7 | 5.6 | 6.0 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 4.8 |
| ≥1 outpt. COPD exac. (%) | 26.3 | 26.9 | 30.0 | 29.2 | 29.6* | 22.1* |
| Frequent exacerbators (%) | 4.6 | 6.1 | 7.4 | 5.9 | 6.2* | 3.8* |
| % clinical COPD diagnosis | 85.0* | 80.6* | 87.9* | 82.5* | 91.5* | 83.8* |
| Comorbidities (%) | ||||||
| Asthma | 35.6 | 32.8 | 29.6* | 36.3* | 16.8 | 17.9 |
| Acute Coronary Syndrome | 2.7 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 1.4* | 2.9* |
| Congestive Heart Failure | 11.4 | 13.1 | 13.4 | 13.2 | 11.7 | 13.9 |
| Depression | 18.5 | 20.2 | 16.2 | 20.5 | 17.8* | 22.4* |
| Diabetes | 16.4 | 20.3 | 18.9 | 21.7 | 16.1 | 17.3 |
| Edema | 5.9 | 6.3 | 5.3 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 6.7 |
| Hypertension | 52.4 | 55.6 | 53.8 | 53.9 | 56.3 | 56.6 |
| Lung Cancer | 1.7 | 3.3 | 1.6* | 4.0* | 2.8 | 3.6 |
| Neuromuscular Disease | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
| Sleep Apnea | 6.3 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 4.9 | 6.1 |
| Schizophrenia | 1.7 | 2.6 | 1.4 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.4 |
| Medication Classes (m, sd) | 12.2 (6.4) | 12.7 (6.5) | 12.4 (6.3) | 13.0 (6.8) | 12.0 (6.4) | 12.2 (6.6) |
| Medication Adherence | ||||||
| % adherent to ICS at baseline | 34.9* (N = 525) | 12.0* (N = 1016) | 33.8* (N = 367) | 17.3* (N = 341) | 25.7* (N = 470) | 17.8* (N = 585) |
| % adherent to LABA at baseline | 41.0* (N = 300) | 26.5* (N = 408) | 45.6* (N = 487) | 15.5* (N = 479) | 37.8* (N = 299) | 30.2* (N = 358) |
| % adherent to IP at baseline | 40.0* (N = 365) | 26.7* (N = 690) | 38.7* (N = 346) | 29.9* (N = 311) | 44.5* (N = 863) | 12.9* (N = 1292) |
*indicates significant association with p < 0.05