Table 1.
Descriptive Characteristics of the Total Eligible Cohort and of the Statin Users
| Characteristics | All | Statin users | Statin non-users | P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of cases | 55,573 (100.0) | 18,979 (34.2) | 36,594 (65.8) | |
| Age, yr | 60.1 ± 15.2 | 63.1 ± 13.1 | 58.5 ± 16.0 | <0.0001 |
| Sex, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| Women | 30,259 (54.4) | 11,233 (37.1) | 19,026 (62.9) | |
| Men | 25,314 (45.6) | 7746 (30.6) | 17,568 (69.4) | |
| Race/Ethnicity, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| African-American | 24644 (44.3) | 7196 (29.2) | 17,448 (70.8) | |
| Caucasian | 16,200 (29.2) | 6373 (39.3) | 9827 (60.7) | |
| Hispanic | 10,449 (18.8) | 3724 (35.6) | 6725 (64.4) | |
| Other | 4280 (7.7) | 1686 (39.4) | 2594 (60.6) | |
| BMI category, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| <20 kg/m2 | 4907 (8.8) | 1186 (24.2) | 3721 (75.8) | |
| 20–24.9 kg/m2 | 15,970 (28.7) | 4892 (30.6) | 11,078 (69.4) | |
| 25–29.9 kg/m2 | 15,030 (27.0) | 5306 (35.3) | 9724 (64.7) | |
| 30+ kg/m2 | 19,666 (35.4) | 7595 (38.6) | 12,071 (61.4) | |
| Smoker, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| Yes | 3502 (6.3) | 1035 (29.6) | 2467 (70.4) | |
| No | 52,071 (93.7) | 17,994 (34.5) | 34,127 (65.5) | |
| Substance abuser, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| Yes | 1830 (3.3) | 319 (17.4) | 1511 (82.6) | |
| No | 53,743 (96.7) | 18,660 (34.7) | 35,083 (62.3) | |
| Unemployed, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| Yes | 3226 (5.8) | 18,125 (34.6) | 34,222 (65.4) | |
| No | 52347 (94.2) | 854 (26.5) | 2372 (73.5) | |
| Unable to ambulate, n (%) | 0.22 | |||
| Yes | 1897 (3.4) | 673 (35.5) | 1224 (64.5) | |
| No | 53,676 (96.6) | 18,306 (34.1) | 35,370 (65.9) | |
| Unable to transfer, n (%) | 0.94 | |||
| Yes | 609 (1.1) | 207 (34.0) | 402 (66.0) | |
| No | 54,964 (98.9) | 18,772 (34.2) | 36,192 (65.9) | |
| Dialysis type, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| In-center HD | 52,632 (94.7) | 17,857 (33.9) | 34,775 (66.1) | |
| Self-care | 2941 (5.3) | 1122 (38.2) | 1819 (61.9) | |
| Hemoglobin, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| <11.0 g/dL | 42,659 (76.8) | 14,071 (33.0) | 28,588 (67.0) | |
| ≥11.0 g/dL | 12,914 (23.2) | 4908 (38.0) | 8006 (62.0) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| HTN, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| Yes | 47,492 (85.5) | 16,447 (34.6) | 31,045 (65.4) | |
| No | 8081 (14.5) | 2532 (31.3) | 5549 (68.7) | |
| DM, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| Yes | 31,785 (57.2) | 13,552 (42.6) | 18,233 (57.4) | |
| No | 23,788 (42.8) | 5427 (22.8) | 18,361 (77.2) | |
| CHF, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| Yes | 15,257 (27.5) | 6051 (39.7) | 9206 (60.3) | |
| No | 40,316 (72.5) | 12,928 (32.1) | 27, 388 (67.9) | |
| CAD, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| Yes | 10,640 (19.1) | 5156 (48.5) | 5484 (51.5) | |
| No | 44,933 (80.9) | 13,823 (30.8) | 31,110 (69.2) | |
| PVD, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| Yes | 5795 (10.4) | 2492 (43.0) | 3303 (57.0) | |
| No | 49778 (89.6) | 16,487 (33.1) | 33,291 (66.9) | |
| CVA, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| Yes | 4429 (8.0) | 1901 (42.9) | 2528 (57.1) | |
| No | 51,144 (92.0) | 17,078 (33.4) | 34,066 (66.6) | |
| Arrhythmia, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| Yes | 1880 (3.4) | 746 (39.7) | 1134 (60.3) | |
| No | 53,693 (96.6) | 18,233 (34.0) | 35, 460 (66.0) | |
| Liu Comorbidity Score | 6.7 ± 4.0 | 7.5 ± 3.9 | 6.3 ± 4.0 | <0.0001 |
| Cause of ESRD, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| Diabetes | 26,835 (48.3) | 11,651 (43.4) | 15,184 (56.6) | |
| Hypertension | 15,302 (27.5) | 4180 (27.3) | 11,122 (72.7) | |
| Glomerulonephritis | 5862 (10.5) | 1284 (21.9) | 4578 (78.1) | |
| Other | 7574 (13.6) | 1864 (24.6) | 5710 (75.4) | |
yr years; BMI body mass index; HD hemodialysis; HTN hypertension; DM diabetes; CHF congestive heart failure; CAD coronary artery disease; PVD peripheral vascular disease; CVA cerebrovascular accident; ESRD end stage renal disease
*P-value is for the comparison between statin users and non-users