Table 4.
Adjusted Cox Proportional Hazards Models for Time to Achievement of Glycated Hemoglobin Goal* in the ACCORD Trial
| Variables | Model 1: Intensive arm | Model 2: Standard arm |
|---|---|---|
| Hispanic groups | ||
| Puerto Rican | Reference | Reference |
| Mexican | 1.38 (0.90–2.10) | 0.90 (0.58–1.39) |
| Dominican | 1.01 (0.66–1.54) | 0.98 (0.61–1.58) |
| Born in the United States (yes vs. no)† | 1.57 (0.99 – 2.51) | 1.51 (0.95–2.43) |
| Age | 1.03 (1.00–1.05) | 1.03 (1.00–1.05) |
| Gender (Female vs. Male)† | 1.22 (0.86 – 1.71) | 1.14 (0.80 – 1.61) |
| Education | ||
| Less than high school | Reference | Reference |
| High school graduate | 1.06 (0.72–1.56) | 0.99 (0.64–1.53) |
| Some college | 0.86 (0.53–1.40) | 1.18 (0.72–1.93) |
| College degree or higher | 0.79 (0.45–1.40) | 0.93 (0.50–1.72) |
| Duration of diabetes, years | 0.97 (0.95–0.99) | 0.99 (0.96–1.02) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 1.00 (0.99–1.02) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) |
| High density lipoprotein, mg/dl | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) |
| Low density lipoprotein, mg/dl | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 1.03 (0.99–1.05) | 0.99 (0.96–1.02) |
| Self-reported history of neuropathy (yes vs. no)† | 1.15 (0.72–1.83) | 1.35 (0.86–2.10) |
| Insulin therapy (yes vs. no)† | 0.56 (0.38–0.83) | 0.62 (0.42–0.92) |
| Number of oral diabetes medications | ||
| 0 | Reference | Reference |
| 1 | 1.26 (0.76–2.10) | 0.78 (0.49–1.24) |
| 2+ | 0.97 (0.58–1.60) | 0.77 (0.47–1.25) |
*Ever had glycated hemoglobin level at goal, <6.5 for the intensive arm and 7–7.9 inclusive, for the standard arm; Time to glycated hemoglobin goal achievement is calculated using the first date that the individual had levels at goal
†The reference group is the second factor listed