Table I.

Descriptions of Simulations Conducted to Evaluate the Empirical Shrinkage Equations Using a Linear Random-Intercept Model

Simulation scenario	Number of observations	Interindividual variability	Residual variability	Shrinkage (%)a	Level of shrinkageb
1	12	0.4	0.33	5.3	Low
2	12	0.3	1	48.1	Medium
3	12	0.01	4	97.1	High
4	6	0.4	0.33	10.2	Low
5	6	0.3	1	64.9	Medium
6	6	0.01	4	98.5	High

^aCalculated based on the derived variance-based shrinkage equation (Eq. 7a) and the predefined values for the interindividual and residual variability used for simulations

^bThe level of shrinkage is defined as follows: Low (≤15%); Medium (45–65%); and High (≥90%)