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Genetic model of the adenoma to carcinoma sequence. Chromosomal instability (CIN) and microsatellite instability (MSI) pathways, with implicated third – CpG island methylator pathway (CIMP). Involved miRNAs are indicated, together with assigned miRNA UP-(↑) or DOWN-(↓) regulation. Modified from Slaby et al. (2009), Vilar et al. (2011), Valeri et al. (2009), and Zarate et al. (2012).
