FIGURE 1.

Association and transmigration of C. neoformans require actin cytoskeleton rearrangement in HBMEC. Cryptococcal association (A) and transmigration assay (B) were performed in the presence of either cytochalasin D or genistein. HBMEC were grown in 24-well plates or Transwells for association or transmigration assays, respectively. Confluent culture of HBMEC was preincubated with reagents for 1 h before the addition of C. neoformans. The numbers (colony forming units (cfu)) of associated or transmigrated Cryptococcus were determined after 3 h (Association assay) or 3, 6, and 9 h of incubation (Transmigration assay). Values are the means ± S.D. of three independent experiments done in triplicate. *, p < 0.001.