Table 1.
Summary of studies of economic burden of patient safety targets in acute care (detailed summary of each study is in Table 3)
| Number of studies | Mean methodologic feature score [median, range] | Study design | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adverse events and adverse drug events | 8 | 13 [13, 12–16] | Retrospective cohort study (n = 5), prospective cohorts with nested cases and controls (n = 2), case series (n = 1) |
| Nosocomial infections (not otherwise specified) | 10 | 14 [15, 12–16] | Prospective study (n = 1), retrospective cohort (n = 5), retrospective case control study (n = 3), decision model (n = 1) |
| Surgical site infections | 8 | 14 [14.5, 11–17] | Prospective study (n = 1), retrospective cohort (n = 3), retrospective case control study (n = 2), nested case control (n = 2) |
| Nosocomial bloodstream infections | 10 | 14 [15, 9–18] | Prospective study (n = 1), retrospective cohort (n = 3), retrospective case control study (n = 5), case series (n = 1) |
| Nosocomial sepsis | 2 | 17 [17.5, 15–20] | Prospective cohort (n = 1), retrospective cohort (n = 1) |
| Nosocomial rotavirus infections | 3 | 14 [14, 13–15] | Prospective cohort (n = 1), prospective case series (n = 1), nested case control (n = 1) |
| Nosocomial urinary tract infection | 4 | 13 [15, 9–15] | Prospective cohort (n = 1), retrospective cohort (n = 2), retrospective case control (n = 1) |
| Nosocomial pneumonia | 4 | 14 [13–15] | Prospective cohort (n = 2), prospective/ retrospective case control (n = 1), retrospective case control (n = 1) |
| Nosocomial respiratory tract infection | 3 | 15 [15, 15–15] | Retrospective cohort (n = 1), retrospective case control (n = 1), one case control (n = 1) |
| Miscellaneous nosocomial infections | 12 | 15 [14.5, 12–20] | Prospective nested case control (n = 1), case control (n = 1), retrospective case series (n = 4), retrospective case control (n = 2), retrospective cohort (n = 3), retrospective nested case control (n = 1) |
| Nosocomial venous thromboembolism | 2 | 17 [17, 16–18] | Decision analysis (n = 1), retrospective observational cohort study (n = 1) |
| Nosocomial falls | 3 | 15 [15, 14–16] | Prospective cohort (n = 1), case series (n = 2) |
| Total | 68a |
Note:
a
Sixty-one studies in total, of which three reported outcomes for more than one type of infection, therefore the total listed in Table 2 is 68.