Figure 2.
Direct (−) and indirect (---) effects of acarbose on different hormonal, metabolic, and inflammatory variables. Copyright © 2009, Bentham Science Publishers. Adapted from Rosak C, Mertes G. Effects of acarbose on proinsulin and insulin secretion and their potential significance for the intermediary metabolism and cardiovascular system. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2009;5:157–164.7
Abbreviations: BG, blood glucose; CRP, C-reactive protein; FFA, free fatty acids; FBG, fasting blood glucose; NFκB, nuclear factor kappa B; PP, postprandial; PAI, PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; TG, triglycerides.