Figure 1.

2x2 factorial design: Playing in the 1PP was compared with playing in the 3PP. This was further examined in relation to actively playing and controlling the video game avatar or simple passive observation of the avatar controlled by another player. These 4 conditions were: 1PP-active (Figure 1a), 3PP-active (Figure 1b), 1PP-passive (Figure 1c) and 3PP-passive (Figure 1d).