Table 3. Simulated variance and inbreeding effective sizes (N_e(V) and N_e(I)) and predicted (N_e(pre)) effective size of populations with various proportion (ϕ) of worker-produced males and monoandry–monogyny mating system.

Nf	Nm	μwm2	ϕ	Effective size
				Ne(V)	Ne(I)	Ne(pre)
100	100	2	0.2	142.5	140.2	139.0
			0.4	130.1	127.4	126.1
			0.8	99.3	96.6	96.0
		5	0.2	130.5	127.6	125.6
			0.4	105.7	104.4	103.0
			0.8	69.7	66.0	65.1
300	300	2	0.2	423.1	418.4	417.0
			0.4	383.0	386.9	378.4
			0.8	289.0	288.1	288.1
		5	0.2	383.7	390.2	376.9
			0.4	314.5	311.4	309.1
			0.8	196.6	191.9	195.2

Abbreviations: N_f, number of queens; N_m, number of males; μ_wm2, average number of male progeny per laying worker.