Table 1.
Characteristics of study members
| Mean (SD); median (quartiles)a; or % |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Boyd Orr | n | CaPS | |
| Outcomes | ||||
| Get-up and go test (s)a | 405 | 9.3 (8.2, 10.8) | 1,114 | 10.3 (9.0, 12.2) |
| Flamingo test (balance <5 s) | 81 | 20% | 290 | 26% |
| Exposures | ||||
| Childhood diet (per head per day) | ||||
| Milk (g)a | 403 | 277 (179, 429) | ||
| Calcium (mg)a | 403 | 597 (449, 786) | ||
| Protein (g)a | 403 | 64 (53, 76) | ||
| Fat (g) | 403 | 86 (27) | ||
| Total energy (kcal)a | 403 | 2,259 (1,868, 2,651) | ||
| Adult diet | ||||
| Calcium (mg) | 405 | 1,135 (370) | 1,190 | 926 (219) |
| Protein (g) | 405 | 90 (24) | 1,193 | 72 (14) |
| Fat (g) | 405 | 78 (29) | 1,192 | 87 (22) |
| Total energy (kcal) | 402 | 2,235 (648) | 1,190 | 2,109 (452) |
| Milk group: none | 11 | 3% | 130 | 11% |
| Less than half a pint | 101 | 25% | 621 | 52% |
| Half a pint to a pint | 226 | 56% | 398 | 33% |
| More than a pint | 67 | 17% | 44 | 4% |
| Potential confounders | ||||
| Age at performance tests (years) | 405 | 70.7 (4.3) | 1,195 | 75.3 (4.3) |
| Sex (male) | 182 | 45% | 1,195 | 100% |
| Research centre | ||||
| Aberdeen | 88 | 22% | ||
| Dundee | 84 | 21% | ||
| London and Bristol | 190 | 47% | ||
| Wisbech | 43 | 11% | ||
| Location | ||||
| Clinic | 392 | 97% | 1,053 | 88% |
| Home visit | 13 | 3% | 142 | 12% |
| Childhood social class | ||||
| High (I, II and III) | 125 | 31% | ||
| Low (IV, V, otherb, unemployed) | 280 | 69% | ||
| Childhood family incomec | ||||
| <10 shillings | 245 | 61% | ||
| 10 to <15 shillings | 96 | 24% | ||
| 15 to <20 shillings | 31 | 8% | ||
| ≥20 shillings | 29 | 7% | ||
| Childhood family food expenditurec | ||||
| <5 shillings | 179 | 44% | ||
| 5 to <7 shillings | 126 | 31% | ||
| 7 to <9 shillings | 60 | 15% | ||
| ≥9 shillings | 39 | 10% | ||
| Adult occupational social class | ||||
| I/II | 28 | 7% | 77 | 8% |
| III NMd | }97 | 24% | 55 | 6% |
| III Md | 591 | 64% | ||
| IV/V/otherb | 192 | 48% | 166 | 18% |
| Unemployed | 82 | 21% | 39 | 4% |
| Adult body mass index | 405 | 27.5 (4.4) | 1,178 | 27.8 (4.1) |
| Stroke | 22 | 5.5% | 131 | 11.9% |
| Cancer | 58 | 14.3% | 150 | 13.6% |
| Diabetes | 39 | 9.7% | 158 | 14.4% |
| Angina | 75 | 18.7% | 236 | 21.7% |
Sample sizes vary due to missing data. SD, standard deviation.
aMedian and quartiles are presented, due to skewed distributions.
bArmed forces or unclassifiable.
cFamily income and food expenditure per head per week in shillings.
dData are not available to distinguish between the adult occupational social classes III manual (M) and III non-manual (NM) in Boyd Orr.