Table 2.
The mean of the participants’ pulse rates in given WPS scenarios and non smoker controls
| Sample | Scenario | Variable | Mean | Std. Deviation | Std. Error Mean |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental group |
Before smoking |
Pulse-1 |
80.23 |
13.93 |
1.677 |
| Immediately after smoking |
Pulse-2 |
94.90 |
15.38 |
1.851 |
|
| Half hour after smoking |
Pulse-3 |
87.18 |
14.39 |
2.036 |
|
| Before smoking |
Saturation-1 |
97.90 |
.60 |
.072 |
|
| Immediately after smoking |
Saturation- 2 |
97.32 |
1.55 |
.186 |
|
| Half an hour after smoking |
Saturation −3 |
97.38 |
1.05 |
.148 |
|
| Control group |
Before exam |
Pulse-1 |
82.50 |
11.25 |
2.055 |
| Immediately after experimental group exam |
Pulse-2 |
80.90 |
9.64 |
1.761 |
|
| Half an hour after experimental group exam |
Pulse-3 |
80.08 |
10.77 |
3.11 |
|
| Before exam |
Saturation-1 |
97.57 |
.94 |
.171 |
|
| Immediately after experimental group exam |
Saturation −2 |
97.63 |
.96 |
.176 |
|
| Half an hour after experimental group exam | Saturation-3 | 97.75 | .45 | .131 |
Table 2 Presents the mean of the pulse rate and the level of blood oxygenation (saturation rate) in the three scenarios: prior to smoking a Water-Pipe, immediately following smoking and half an hour subsequent to WPS in experimental group comparing to non smokers control group. In the experimental group, immediately following WPS, a statistically significant increase (Table 3) in the pulse rate was observed - from 80 to 95 (t = 11.84, p < 0.05), while in the control group a significant decrease in the pulse rate was observed - from 83 to 81. Other important results is that in the experimental group - even half an hour after Water-Pipe smoking, the pulse rate continues to be higher than that prior to Water-Pipe smoking, and the difference between the two scenarios is statistically significant (t = 5.54, p < 0.05). While in the control group, no significant change in the pulse rate was observed. In the experimental group immediately following WPS, the saturation level decreased from 97.9 to 97.32, and the decrease is statistically significant (t = 3.01, p < 0.05); while in the control group, the no significant change in the saturation rate was observed. Furthermore, in the experimental group, half an hour after WPS, the saturation rate continued to be higher than that prior to WPS and the difference is statistically significant (t = 3.02), while in the control group, no change in the saturation rate was observed half an hour subsequent to experimental group smoking a Water-Pipe.