Table 7.
Summary of the odds ratio test results
| Variable |
Scinario-1-Scinario-2 |
Scinario1-Scinario-3 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
95% confidence interval |
|
95% confidence interval |
|||
| Odds ratio | Lower | Upper | Odds ratio | Lower | Upper | |
| Accidents |
1.333** |
1.008 |
1.776 |
1.28* |
0.961 |
1.705 |
| Accident(road) |
1.226 |
0.713 |
2.108 |
1.319 |
0.662 |
2.627 |
| Accident(car) |
1.351 |
0.911 |
2.002 |
1.287 |
0.881 |
1.880 |
| Accident(pedestrian) |
1.289 |
0.634 |
2.621 |
1.195 |
0.607 |
2.351 |
| Exceeding the speed limit |
0.907 |
.741 |
1.109 |
0.964 |
0.789 |
1.178 |
| Total number of traffic light tickets |
1.653 |
0.906 |
3.016 |
1.502 |
0.734 |
3.075 |
| Centerline crossings |
0.944 |
0.752 |
1.185 |
1.306** |
1.016 |
1.679 |
| Shoulder crossings |
0.867 |
0.678 |
1.110 |
1.001 |
0.758 |
1.322 |
| Exceeding the speed limit (%time) |
0.850 |
0.715 |
1.011 |
0.996 |
0.832 |
1.192 |
| Not being within the lane (%time) | 0.949 | 0.757 | 1.190 | 1.329** | 1.025 | 1.722 |
**. Significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
*. Significant at the 0.1 level (2-tailed).
Table 7 Presents the odds ratio and the confidence interval. The odds ratio is a way of comparing whether the probabilities of the certain driving behavioral measures are the same for the two groups (the experimental and the control). An odds ratio of 1 implies that the event is equally likely in both groups. An odds ratio greater than one implies that the event is more likely in the first group, whereas an odds ratio less than one implies that the event is less likely in this group. Upon comparing driving behavior before smoking a Water-Pipe and immediately after it, one can see from Table 7 that there is a significant increase in the total number of traffic accidents and the estimated OR is 1.333 with CI of 1.008–1.776 and it is statistically significant because the confidence interval did not include 1. The meaning of these results is that smoking Water-Pipe significantly increased the total number of traffic crashes by 33%. Furthermore, immediately following the smoking of a Water-Pipe, an increase in the number of the total number of traffic light tickets is found, but it is statistically significant at 0.1 and not at 0.05. The increase in measures, involvement in traffic crashes and the total number of traffic light violations indicate the risky driving of Water-Pipe smokers after having smoked a Water-Pipe.