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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Addict Biol. 2012 Jul 15;18(3):467–479. doi: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2012.00466.x

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Effects of N/OFQ on anxiety-like behavior as determined 1 week following termination of chronic ethanol (ethanol-dependent) or vehicle (nondependent) administration in (A) the elevated plus maze and (B) defensive burying tests. Ethanol-dependent rats showed significantly increased behavioral manifestations of anxiety in both the elevated plus maze (reduced open arm time) and defensive burying (longer burying duration) models. N/OFQ dose-dependently reversed anxiety-like behavior in ethanol-dependent rats. In nondependent rats, N/OFQ produced anxiolytic-like effects, but only at the highest (2 µg) dose. * p < 0.05 vs. vehicle (0 dose) within the same group; § p < 0.05 vs. nondependent.