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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Chem Biol. 2012 May 27;8(7):615–621. doi: 10.1038/nchembio.964

Figure 1. A complete module from the spinosyn PKS.

Figure 1

(a) Domain composition of the second module of the spinosyn PKS (SpnMod2) and location of the Spn(KR+ER)2 didomain (approximate sequence scale). KS, ketosynthase; AT, acyltransferase; DH, dehydratase; KRs, ketoreductase structural subdomain; ER, enoylreductase; KRc, ketoreductase catalytic subdomain; ACP, acyl carrier protein. (b) The indicated methylene group in the spinosyn backbone is generated by the processing enzymes in SpnMod2. (c) The complex polyketides spinosyn A and spinosyn D comprise the insecticide spinosad.