Table 2.
Hemodynamic characteristics in patients with pulmonary hypertension (mod. [8]).
| Definition | Characteristics | Etiology |
|---|---|---|
| Pulmonary | PAPm ≥ 25 mmHg | all |
| Hypertension (PH) | CO normal or reduced | |
|
PAPm ≥ 25 mmHg PCWP ≤ 15 mmHg CO normal or reduced |
Group 1: Pulmonary artery hypertension (IPAH) | |
| Precapillary PH | Group 3: PH with pulmonary diseases and/or hypoxemia | |
| Group 4: CTEPH | ||
| Group 5: PH with unclear or multifactorial mechanisms | ||
| PAPm ≥ 25 mmHg | ||
| Postcapillary PH | PCWP > 15 mmHg | Group 2: PH with left-heart diseases |
| CO normal or reduced | ||
| (a) passive | TPG ≤ 12 mmHg | |
| (b) reactive | TPG > 12 mmHg |
PAPm: mean pulmonary arterial pressure; CO: cardiac output; PCWP: pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; TPG: transpulmonary gradient (= PAPm − PCWP).