Table 2.

Risk of noncurable prostate cancer in the delayed intervention cohort of patients who were initially managed expectantly and then underwent surgery compared to the immediate surgery cohort^*

Comparison†	Nonadjusted		Adjusted‡
	RR (95% CI)§	P value||	RR (95% CI)§	P value||
Delayed versus immediate intervention	1.48 (0.75 to 2.92)	.266	1.08 (0.55 to 2.12)	.819
Age: 63–70 y versus 52–62 years	1.96 (1.06 to 3.63)	.030	n.d.¶	n.d.
PSA density: ≥0.10 versus <0.10 ng/mL/cm3	2.21 (1.16 to 4.24)	.013	n.d.	n.d.
PSA: >6.0 versus ≤6.0 ng/mL	2.27 (1.24 to 4.17)	.008	n.d.	n.d.

^*Noncurable cancer, defined as a less than 75% chance of biochemical freedom from disease at 10 years after surgery (8), was stage pT2 (organ confined) if the Gleason sum was ≥7 (4 + 3) and/or the surgical margins were positive, stage pT3aN0 (extraprostatic extension) if the Gleason sum was ≥7 and/or surgical margins were positive, and any stage higher than pT3a regardless of grade or margin status or any N⁺ stage.

^†PSA = prostate-specific antigen.

^‡Adjusted for age and PSA density.

^§Proportion of men with noncurable tumors in the delayed intervention cohort divided by the proportion with noncurable tumors in the immediate intervention cohort. The Mantel–Haenszel procedure was used to obtain estimates of relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for potential confounding factors at diagnosis including age, PSA, PSA density, number of positive cores, maximum percentage of a core positive for cancer, year of diagnosis, and year of surgery.

^||Two-sided P values were derived from Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel statistics.

^¶n.d. = Not done. Adjusted analyses were not performed for these risk factors because they were not the major focus of the study.