Table 2.

Ca²⁺ buffers (Bers, 2001)

Name of buffer	kd=k−/k+ (mm)	k− (1/ms)	k+ (1/mm ms−1)	Maximal concentration (mm)
M-space troponin	0.5e–3	0.02	40	50e–3
M-space calmodulin	2.4e–3	0.24	100	70e–3
T-space fast	0.5e–3	0.05	100	0.7
T-space slow	10e–3	0.1	100	1.32
J-space calsequestrin	0.8	80	100	10