Table 3.
Changes of serum biochemical indicators during 3-month intervention with Ma-Pi 2 macrobiotic diet in type 2 diabetic adults.
| Variable | Before n = 61 |
After 21 d n = 61 |
After 3 m n = 54 |
Change after 21 d (%) | Change after 3 m (%) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glucose (mmol/L) |
8.35 (3.3) (3.1–17.0) |
6.44 (1.7) (3.1–9.9) |
5.67 (1.9) (2.64–10.2) |
−23 | −32 | 3.533e −8 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) |
6.2 (1.3) (3.76–9.66) |
4.3 (0.8) (3.0–5.7) |
4.4 (0.9) (2.6–6.3) |
−31 | −29 | 2.2e −16 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) |
1.05 (0.4) (0.4–2.1) |
1.04 (0.3) (0.6–1.8) |
1.02 (0.2) (0.7–1.5) |
−5 | −3 | 0.8889 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) |
3.86 (1.2) (1.2–6.3) |
2.51 (0.9) (0.2–5.5) |
2.65 (1.0) (0.3–5.2) |
−35 | −31 | 1.511e −11 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) |
2.7 (1.4) (0.7–7.8) |
1.4 (0.6) (0.5–3.1) |
1.7 (0.8) (0.6–4.2) |
−48 | −37 | 1.384e −11 |
| Creatinine (mmol/L) |
64.1 (17.3) (33.0–117.0) |
61.2 (14.3) (38.0–106.0) |
57.7 (13.6) (24.0–90.0) |
−4 | −10 | 0.0837 |
| Urea (mmol/L) |
5.7 (1.5) (2.6–10.7) |
3.8 (1.0) (2.0–6.8) |
4.5 (1.0) (2.0–6.7) |
−33 | −21 | 1.99e −14 |
| ALAT (units) |
20.3 (8.7) (8.8–47.4) |
16.5 (5.6) (7.7–29.6) |
16.4 (5.8) (7.3–30.0) |
−19 | −19 | 0.0015 |
| Leukocytes (×103/L) |
8.0 (2.1) (4.0–13.1) |
7.1 (1.8) (3.6–11.8) |
6.8 (1.6) (3.2–11.6) |
−11 | −15 | 0.0008 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) |
14.1 (1.5) (10.0–18.0) |
13.4 (1.3) (10.2–16.7) |
13.3 (1.2) (10.4–15.7) |
−5 | −6 | 0.0027 |
| Total proteins (g/L) |
76.3 (9.1) (35.9–90.8) |
74.1 (8.1) (36.5–86.4) |
76.0 (4.9) (65.1–85.8) |
−3 | −0.4 | 0.2416 |
| Albumin (g/L) |
34.3 (4.6) (13.1–41.9) |
36.0 (4.6) (14.2–45.6) |
35.5 (5.3) (26.2–46.9) |
5 | 3 | 0.1325 |
Values are represented as means (standard deviations), and (minimum and maximal values) P < 0.05 was considered significant.