Table 2. Changes in Sitting Time, Back Pain, Office Behavior, and Profile of Mood States for Study Groups, Measured by Survey at Baseline (T1), End of Week 5 (T2), and End of Week 7 (T3), the Take-a-Stand Project, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 2011a .
| Variable | Intervention Group (n = 23 |
Comparison Group (n = 10) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1–T2 (P) | T1–T3 (P) | T2–T3 (P) | T1–T2 (P) | T1–T3 (P) | T2–T3 (P) | |
| Sitting time, back pain, and office behavior | ||||||
| Time spent sitting at work, min/d | 409–343 (.03) | 409–417 (.57) | 343–417 (.009) | 441–458 (.31) | 441–479 (.04) | 458–479 (.03) |
| Low back pain (0-10 scale) b | 1.04–0.87 (.64) | 1.04–1.52 (.21) | 0.87–1.52 (.07) | 1.1–1.3 (.51) | 1.1–1.3 (.64) | 1.3–1.3 (>.99) |
| Upper back and neck pain (0-10 scale) b | 2.65–1.43 (.008) | 2.65–2.26 (.26) | 1.43–2.26 (.03) | 2.4–2.0 (.10) | 2.4–2.3 (.59) | 2.0–2.3 (.19) |
| Time spent in face-to-face office conversations, % of work day | 7.0–8.1 (.50) | 7.0–5.6 (.27) | 8.1–5.6 (.19) | 6.7–6.2 (.62) | 6.7–10.5 (.09) | 6.2–10.5 (.07) |
| Time spent in physical activity, % of work day | 2.6–2.3 (.63) | 2.6–3.2 (.55) | 2.3–3.3 (.35) | 4.5–2.6 (.37) | 4.5–3.0 (.61) | 2.6–3.0 (.28) |
| Mood states | ||||||
| Fatigue (0–20 scale)c | 6.5–4.8 (.01) | 6.5–6.1 (.61) | 4.8–6.1 (.08) | 4.9–5.6 (.38) | 4.9–6.7 (.11) | 5.6–6.7 (.10) |
| Anger (0–28 scale)c | 4.2–3.2 (.17) | 4.2–3.6 (.26) | 3.2–3.6 (.56) | 3.5–3.2 (.82) | 3.5–2.9 (.66) | 3.2–2.9 (.69) |
| Vigor (0–24 scale)c | 11.9–13.8 (.02) | 11.9–10.4 (.14) | 13.8–10.4 (<.001) | 11.3–13.2 (.16) | 11.3–12.3 (.57) | 13.2–12.3 (.21) |
| Tension (0–24 scale)c | 5.5–4.0 (.048) | 5.5–4.1 (.005) | 4.0–4.1 (.84) | 4.6–4.6 (>.99) | 4.6–4.9 (.70) | 4.6–4.9 (.63) |
| Self-esteem (0–12 scale)c | 6.5–6.9 (.42) | 6.5–5.4 (.09) | 6.9–5.4 (.03) | 7.8–7.9 (.86) | 7.8–7.1 (.35) | 7.9–7.1 (.27) |
| Confusion (0–20 scale)c | 4.8–3.8 (.03) | 4.8–3.7 (.007) | 3.8–3.7 (.59) | 4.9–5.5 (.24) | 4.9–4.9 (1.0) | 5.5–4.9 (.37) |
| Depression (0–24 scale)c | 2.0–1.3 (.04) | 2.0–1.9 (.74) | 1.3–1.9 (.20) | 1.4–1.2 (.76) | 1.4–2.1 (.39) | 1.2–2.1 (.23) |
| Total mood disturbance (64–180 scale)c | 104.7–96.3 (.003) | 104.7–103.6 (.69) | 96.3–103.6 (.04) | 100.2–99.0 (.74) | 100.2–102.1 (.69) | 99.0–102.1 (.28) |
a P values presented are calculated based on paired t tests and adjusted by using the Bonferroni multiple comparison correction method and may be interpreted at P < .05 and P < .017.
b Denotes severity of pain from 0 (no discomfort) to 10 (extremely uncomfortable).
c Denotes the scale range for domain-specific Profile of Mood States questionnaire scales.