. 2012 May;102(Suppl 2):S258–S265. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300523

TABLE 1—

Baseline Characteristics by Gender in Perceived Discrimination and Hypertension: The Jackson Heart Study, Jackson, MS, 2000-2004

	Women (n = 3123), % or Mean (SD)	Men (n = 1816), % or Mean (SD)	P^a
Age, y	55.1 (12.7)	53.9 (12.8)	.001
Education			.649
< high school	17.4	18.7
High school grad	20.2	19.3
Some college	29.3	29.4
≥ bachelor's degree	33.1	32.7
Income^b
Poor	18.3	10.4	< .001
Lower-middle	26.5	21.7
Upper-middle	30.1	30.4
Affluent	25.1	37.5
Occupation
Transportation/other	1.1	0.8	< .001
Production	9.3	23.5
Construction/extract	0.7	15.7
Farming	0.1	0.2
Sales/office	20.4	12.9
Service	29.8	15.9
Management/professional	38.6	31.1
Everyday (n = 4924)^c	2.1 (1.0)	2.2 (1.0)	< .001
Lifetime (n = 4919)^d	2.9 (2.1)	3.3 (3.1)	< .001
Burden (n = 4328)^e^f	2.3 (0.8)	2.4 (0.8)	.066
Stress from discrimination^f
Not stressful	20.1	24.5	< .001
Moderately stressful	52.7	55.9
Very stressful	27.2	19.6
Attribution of everyday discrimination			< .001
Nonracial/high	21.8	19.1
Nonracial/low	25.9	19.2
Race/high	18.4	27.1
Race/low	18.0	19.3
No discrimination	15.9	15.4
Attribution of lifetime discrimination			< .001
Nonracial /high	21.1	15.0
Nonracial/low	16.2	10.4
Race/high	33.7	45.8
Race/low	16.5	17.3
No discrimination	12.5	11.4
Attribution of burden			< .001
Nonracial/high	19.5	13.0
Nonracial/low	23.2	15.8
Race/high	29.8	40.3
Race/low	27.5	31.0
Hypertension	64.0	59.7	.002

Note. The sample size was (n = 4939).

^{^a}

P values based on χ²and t tests.

^{^b}

Income categories were based on family size, US Census poverty levels, and year of baseline clinic visit (2000–2004): poor < poverty level; lower-middle = 1–1.5 times the poverty level; upper-middle > 1.5 but < 3.5 times the poverty level; and affluent ≥ 3.5 times the poverty level.

^{^c}

Median (25th, and 75th percentiles): women: 1.8 (1.3, 2.6); men: 2.0 (2.0, 2.8).

^{^d}

Median (25th, and 75th percentiles): women: 3.0 (1.0, 4.0); men: 3.0 (2.0, 5.0).

^{^e}

Median (25th, and 75th percentiles): women: 2.2 (1.7, 2.8); men: 2.3 (1.8, 2.8).

^{^f}

Burden and stress from discrimination are restricted to persons who reported at least 1 instance of lifetime discrimination.