TABLE 2—
Prevalence of Health Outcomes Among Female Respondents, by Income Tercile and Age Group: US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2006) and Health Survey for England (2003–2006)
| United States (n = 36 360), % |
England (n = 55 783), % |
|||||
| Health Outcome and Age, Years | Low | Middle | High | Low | Middle | High |
| Diabetes | ||||||
| 12–19 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 20–34 | 1.1 | 2.2* | 0.5 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.1 |
| 35–49 | 6.3** | 2.2 | 1.7 | 2.5** | 1.2 | 0.5 |
| 50–64 | 15.0** | 7.3 | 5.5 | 8.8** | 3.3 | 2.1 |
| 65–80 | 14.3** | 15.0** | 7.4 | 13.5** | 12.9** | 5.7 |
| Obesity | ||||||
| 4–11 | 15.3** | 10.9 | 10.2 | 9.3 | 6.3 | 5.6 |
| 12–17 | 17.3** | 18.0** | 10.5 | 10.8 | 6.0 | 9.0 |
| 18–34 | 35.5** | 31.6** | 21.4 | 19.2** | 13.0* | 8.4 |
| 35–49 | 45.2** | 35.0 | 30.8 | 26.6** | 22.1** | 15.8 |
| 50–64 | 47.4** | 41.5* | 31.9 | 28.3 | 25.5 | 23.7 |
| 65–80 | 38.4* | 40.6** | 29.4 | 24.8 | 27.2* | 20.6 |
| Low HDL | ||||||
| 12–19 | 13.6** | 11.9* | 7.4 | 5.0 | 6.9 | 9.7 |
| 20–34 | 16.2** | 11.4* | 6.6 | 9.9** | 5.7 | 3.1 |
| 35–49 | 14.6** | 11.5* | 6.6 | 8.1** | 3.3 | 2.3 |
| 50–64 | 13.0** | 7.0 | 5.1 | 6.3** | 2.0 | 1.4 |
| 65–80 | 10.9** | 6.7 | 5.4 | 5.3* | 3.4 | 2.4 |
| High cholesterol ratio | ||||||
| 12–19 | 6.0** | 5.1** | 2.4 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 4.8 |
| 20–34 | 12.0* | 12.3* | 7.8 | 8.7** | 4.9 | 2.3 |
| 35–49 | 21.8** | 14.4 | 11.4 | 12.2** | 7.3 | 5.3 |
| 50–64 | 21.8** | 18.6** | 12.1 | 17.0** | 11.8 | 11.0 |
| 65–80 | 19.3* | 15.4 | 13.4 | 15.9 | 11.9 | 14.4 |
| High C-reactive protein | ||||||
| 18–34 | 41.3 | 39.9 | 38.1 | 34.7 | 29.2 | 29.4 |
| 35–49 | 51.7** | 44.1 | 39.7 | 32.0** | 27.7* | 22.3 |
| 50–64 | 55.8** | 50.6* | 39.7 | 44.5** | 33.6 | 29.9 |
| 65–80 | 54.9* | 49.6 | 45.7 | 44.9* | 45.6* | 37.5 |
| Hypertension | ||||||
| 12–19 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.5 |
| 20–34 | 3.6* | 2.6 | 1.3 | 4.1 | 3.3 | 3.6 |
| 35–49 | 23.8* | 17.0 | 17.8 | 14.7 | 14.7 | 11.7 |
| 50–64 | 53.0** | 50.0** | 38.6 | 48.0** | 33.8 | 30.0 |
| 65–80 | 78.9* | 76.1 | 70.1 | 70.5** | 65.5 | 61.2 |
| Asthma ever diagnosed | ||||||
| Birth–3 | 11.7** | 6.4 | 4.9 | 2.9 | 1.6 | 1.0 |
| 4–11 | 13.7* | 9.7 | 8.6 | 8.1* | 8.2* | 3.3 |
| 12–19 | 17.4 | 16.4 | 19.5 | 7.2 | 4.8 | 5.2 |
| 20–34 | 17.4 | 13.4 | 15.8 | 7.5 | 5.9 | 6.2 |
| 35–49 | 15.8 | 15.6 | 14.3 | 9.7** | 6.0 | 5.0 |
| 50–64 | 15.6** | 14.2* | 9.7 | 9.4 | 7.2 | 6.6 |
| 65–80 | 15.1* | 12.3 | 10.7 | 8.7 | 9.8 | 5.8 |
| Heart attack | ||||||
| 20–34 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.1 |
| 35–49 | 2.3 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.0* | 1.5* | 0.2 |
| 50–64 | 8.9** | 4.4 | 2.0 | 5.4** | 3.1* | 1.7 |
| 65–80 | 18.4** | 10.4 | 7.6 | 11.2* | 15.4** | 7.1 |
| Stroke | ||||||
| 20–34 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.1 |
| 35–49 | 2.5* | 1.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 |
| 50–64 | 5.1** | 3.2 | 1.3 | 3.9** | 0.9 | 0.8 |
| 65–80 | 10.0** | 8.3* | 4.1 | 6.6 | 7.2 | 5.3 |
Note. HDL = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
*P < .05; **P < .01 (for prevalence among low- and middle-income vs high-income individuals).