TABLE 3—

Comparison of Smoking Initiation Across Migration Groups, by Age at Initiation and Gender: MNCS (2001–2002) and CPES (2001–2003)

	Person-Years From 1 to 46 y		Person-Years From 1 to 13 y		Person-Years From 14 to 46 y
Migration Category	HR (95% CI)	χ23 (P)	HR (95% CI)	χ23 (P)	HR (95% CI)	χ23 (P)
Main effect model
MNCS no family migrant	0.77 (0.67, 0.87)		0.68 (0.49, 0.93)		0.75 (0.65, 0.86)
MNCS family or return migrant (Ref)	1.00		1.00		1.00
CPES migrants	0.56 (0.38, 0.83)		1.27 (0.63, 2.56)		0.48 (0.30, 0.78)
CPES US-born Mexican American	1.44 (1.19, 1.74)		2.59 (1.92, 3.50)		1.16 (0.90, 1.49)
Interaction
Interaction effect (gender × migration category)		23.36 (<.001)		11.43 (.01)		13.51 (.004)
Gender-specific models
Male
MNCS no family migrant	0.80 (0.69, 0.94)		0.71 (0.49, 1.03)		0.78 (0.66, 0.93)
MNCS family or return migrant (Ref)	1.00		1.00		1.00
CPES migrants	0.54 (0.33, 0.87)		1.30 (0.62, 2.74)		0.44 (0.25, 0.79)
CPES US-born Mexican American	1.20 (0.97, 1.48)		2.20 (1.56, 3.10)		0.91 (0.67, 1.24)
Female
MNCS no family migrant	0.70 (0.57, 0.86)		0.52 (0.25, 1.06)		0.70 (0.56, 0.89)
MNCS family or return migrant (Ref)	1.00		1.00		1.00
CPES migrants	0.62 (0.34, 1.13)		1.18 (0.18, 7.62)		0.57 (0.30, 1.09)
CPES US-born Mexican American	2.15 (1.63, 2.84)		5.11 (2.83, 9.23)		1.77 (1.22, 2.58)

Notes. CI = confidence interval; CPES = Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys; HR = hazard ratio; MNCS = Mexico National Comorbidity Survey.