TABLE 2—
Descriptive Statistics of Mothers of Children Younger Than 5 Years (n = 1851), by Different Forms of IPV Experienced: Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey, 2007
| Characteristic | Any Form of IPV, % (95% CI) | Physical IPV Only, % (95% CI) | Sexual IPV Only, % (95% CI) | Both Physical and Sexual IPV, % (95% CI) |
| Maternal age, y | ||||
| 15–24 | 33.8 (29.7, 38.1) | 18.0 (14.9, 21.6) | 6.9 (4.9, 9.7) | 8.9 (6.6, 11.8) |
| 25–34 | 24.6 (21.5, 27.9) | 14.0 (11.5, 16.9) | 5.6 (4.0, 7.6) | 5.1 (3.6, 7.9) |
| 35–49 | 24.1 (17.6, 31.9) | 9.5 (5.9, 15.0) | 5.8 (2.7, 12.0) | 8.7 (5.1, 14.6) |
| P | .001 | .018 | .652 | .031 |
| Maternal education | ||||
| No education | 34.8 (30.5, 39.4) | 18.4 (15.1, 22.2) | 6.8 (4.6, 9.9) | 9.6 (6.9, 13.2) |
| Primary | 28.1 (23.5, 33.2) | 15.2 (11.6, 19.7) | 5.1 (3.2, 8.1) | 7.7 (5.3, 11.2) |
| Secondary or higher | 25.8 (22.0, 30.0) | 13.8 (11.0, 17.1) | 6.6 (4.6, 9.4) | 5.4 (3.6, 8.1) |
| P | .014 | .17 | .635 | .048 |
| Maternal decision-making autonomy, no. of aspectsa | ||||
| 0 | 29.9 (22.6, 38.5) | 13.8 (8.6, 21.3) | 8.0 (4.1, 15.0) | 8.1 (4.7, 13.7) |
| 1 | 38.9 (28.7, 50.2) | 17.8 (10.9, 27.7) | 11.7 (6.4, 20.7) | 9.4 (4.2, 19.7) |
| 2 | 28.0 (20.4, 37.1) | 16.7 (10.5, 25.6) | 2.9 (12.9, 6.5) | 8.3 (4.4, 15.1) |
| 3 | 31.2 (24.5, 38.7) | 15.6 (11.3, 21.1) | 6.4 (3.6, 11.1) | 9.1 (5.4, 14.9) |
| 4 | 34.6 (28.7, 41.2) | 18.9 (14.6, 24.0) | 8.3 (4.8, 14.1) | 7.5 (4.4, 12.3) |
| 5 | 24.2 (20.8, 28.1) | 13.8 (11.2, 16.9) | 4.9 (3.2, 7.3) | 5.6 (3.9, 7.9) |
| P | .038 | .617 | .081 | .621 |
| Maternal BMI categoryb | ||||
| Thin | 33.4 (29.1, 37.9) | 18.5 (15.4, 22.0) | 7.6 (5.3, 10.7) | 7.3 (5.2, 10.2) |
| Normal | 28.5 (25.1, 32.2) | 14.9 (12.3, 17.9) | 5.8 (4.2, 7.9) | 7.9 (6.0, 10.3) |
| Overweight/obese | 15.1 (9.5, 23.2) | 8.4 (4.4, 15.3) | 4.7 (1.8, 11.6) | 2.1 (0.9, 4.8) |
| P | .002 | .03 | .421 | .062 |
| Area of residence | ||||
| Rural | 30.1 (27.4, 33.0) | 16.0 (13.8, 18.4) | 6.7 (5.2, 8.7) | 7.4 (5.8, 9.4) |
| Urban | 25.1 (21.0, 29.6) | 13.8 (11.0, 17.3) | 4.4 (2.9, 6.8) | 6.8 (4.6, 9.9) |
| P | .05 | .266 | .104 | .701 |
| No. of household members (tertiles) | ||||
| 2–4 | 36.7 (31.9, 41.8) | 23.1 (19.1, 27.5) | 4.9 (3.2, 7.5) | 8.7 (6.3, 12.0) |
| 5–6 | 28.3 (24.5, 32.3) | 15.1 (12.4, 18.4) | 5.7 (4.0, 8.0) | 7.4 (5.3, 10.4) |
| ≥7 | 22.8 (18.3, 27.9) | 8.9 (6.4, 12.4) | 8.0 (5.3, 12.1) | 5.8 (3.6, 9.1) |
| P | <.001 | <.001 | .208 | .336 |
| Parity, no. of children | ||||
| 1 | 32.2 (27.3, 37.6) | 17.8 (14.0, 22.4) | 6.6 (4.2, 10.3) | 7.9 (5.6, 10.9) |
| 2 | 28.9 (24.6, 33.6) | 15.2 (12.0, 19.1) | 5.7 (3.8, 8.5) | 7.8 (5.1, 11.6) |
| ≥3 | 26.3 (22.8, 30.1) | 13.6 (11.1, 16.7) | 6.3 (4.5, 8.8) | 6.4 (4.6, 8.8) |
| P | .169 | .235 | .885 | .642 |
| Maternal occupation | ||||
| Unemployed | 26.8 (24.1, 29.7) | 15.1 (12.8, 17.7) | 4.5 (3.2, 6.2) | 7.3 (5.9, 8.9) |
| Agriculture/nonmanual labor | 35.8 (29.9, 42.3) | 18.6 (14.5, 23.5) | 9.7 (6.6, 14.1) | 7.5 (4.5, 12.1) |
| Manual labor | 28.4 (20.1, 37.9) | 10.4 (6.6, 15.8) | 11.4 (6.4, 19.7) | 6.7 (2.3, 14.6) |
| P | .018 | .083 | .001 | .97 |
| Wealth index category | ||||
| Poor | 35.6 (31.9, 39.5) | 18.5 (15.8, 21.5) | 7.8 (5.9, 10.4) | 9.3 (7.0, 12.2) |
| Middle | 27.4 (22.1, 33.4) | 15.6 (11.6, 20.7) | 4.1 (2.2, 7.8) | 7.6 (4.7, 12.3) |
| Rich | 21.7 (17.9, 26.1) | 11.8 (9.1, 15.3) | 5.2 (3.3, 8.1) | 4.6 (2.9, 7.2) |
| P | <.001 | .007 | .049 | .025 |
| Recent child illness | ||||
| No | 25.0 (21.7, 28.6) | 13.9 (11.4, 16.8) | 6.2 (4.5, 8.5) | 4.9 (3.4, 6.9) |
| Yes | 33.8 (30.1, 37.7) | 17.4 (14.6, 20.7) | 6.3 (4.5, 8.7) | 10.1 (7.8, 13.0) |
| P | .001 | .088 | .959 | <.001 |
| Child gender | ||||
| Female | 26.9 (23.7, 30.4) | 14.7 (12.2, 17.7) | 5.5 (3.9, 7.7) | 6.7 (5.0, 9.0) |
| Male | 31.1 (27.5, 35.0) | 16.3 (13.4, 19.6) | 7.0 (5.1, 9.4) | 7.8 (5.8, 10.6) |
| P | .105 | .478 | .303 | .485 |
| Child age, mo | ||||
| 0–11 | 27.3 (22.3, 33.0) | 13.4 (10.3, 17.2) | 8.0 (5.0.3, 12.5) | 6.0 (3.7, 9.4) |
| 12–23 | 33.6 (28.3, 39.4) | 18.1 (14.1, 22.9) | 6.7 (4.1, 10.8) | 8.8 (5.7, 13.4) |
| 24–35 | 26.6 (21.8, 32.1) | 17.8 (13.8, 22.7) | 3.2 (1.7, 6.0) | 5.6 (3.7, 8.4) |
| 36–49 | 28.4 (23.8, 33.6) | 13.6 (10.3, 17.7) | 6.6 (4.7, 9.2) | 8.2 (5.8, 11.5) |
| P | .274 | .177 | .162 | .333 |
| Initiation of breastfeeding | ||||
| Early | 28.6 (25.6, 31.7) | 15.8 (12.5, 19.7) | 7.1 (5.1, 9.8) | 7.1 (5.0, 9.9) |
| Late | 30.0 (25.9, 34.4) | 15.3 (13.1, 17.8) | 5.8 (4.3, 7.8) | 7.4 (5.7, 9.6) |
| P | .594 | .833 | .348 | .816 |
| Duration of breastfeeding, mo | ||||
| 0–11 | 26.2 (21.6, 31.5) | 12.8 (9.9, 16.3) | 7.4 (4.7, 11.5) | 6.1 (3.9, 9.4) |
| 12–23 | 30.9 (26.2, 36.0) | 16.6 (13.2, 20.7) | 5.4 (3.3, 8.7) | 8.9 (6.1, 12.7) |
| ≥24 | 29.3 (25.5, 33.4) | 16.6 (13.6, 20.1) | 5.8 (4.3, 7.9) | 6.9 (5.0, 9.5) |
| P | .429 | .227 | .579 | .398 |
| Total | 29.0 (26.6, 31.6) | 15.5 (13.6, 17.6) | 6.2 (5.0, 7.8) | 7.3 (5.9, 8.9) |
Note. BMI = body mass index (defined as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters); CI = confidence interval; IPV = intimate partner violence. P values refer to differences between groups.
a
Aspects of family decisions a woman participated alone or jointly in making.
b
BMI categories were thin (< 18.5), normal (18.5–24.9), or overweight–obese (≥ 25).