Table 4.
Crude and adjusted risk differences (RD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations of neighborhood factors and poorer parent-reported child respiratory health
| Child Respiratory Health Outcome* by Neighborhood Exposure Level** | Excess Number of Persons per 100 at Risk of Unfavorable Outcome | |
|---|---|---|
| Crude RD (95% CI) | Adjusted RD (95% CI) | |
| COLLECTIVE EFFICACY
|
||
| Waking at night | ||
| middle vs. high | 12.3 (−0.9, 25.5) | 8.1 (−5.0, 21.1)*** |
| low vs. high | 21.3 (6.9, 35.7) | 16.7 (2.8, 30.6)*** |
| Exercise intolerance | ||
| middle vs. high | 4.9 (−8.3, 18.1) | 3.9 (−9.2, 17.1)† |
| low vs. high | 3.7 (−10.6, 18.0) | 1.1 (−12.9, 15.1)† |
| School absences | ||
| middle vs. high | 1.2 (−8.4, 10.9) | −0.4 (−11.1, 8.0)†† |
| low vs. high | −3.3 (−13.1, 6.5) | −5.0 (−17.6, 6.5)†† |
| Rescue medication use | ||
| middle vs. high | −6.0 (−24.3, 12.4) | −9.8 (−27.9, 8.3)††† |
| low vs. high | −8.4 (−27.6, 10.7) | −15.7 (−36.1, 4.8)††† |
| Unplanned medical visits | ||
| middle vs. high | −4.9 (−17.1, 7.3) | −4.7 (−16.6, 7.2)# |
| low vs. high | −1.0 (−14.5, 12.4) | −3.0 (−16.3, 10.3)# |
| Controllability | ||
| middle vs. high | 4.6 (−6.1, 15.2) | 4.8 (−5.7, 15.5)## |
| low vs. high | 4.0 (−7.6, 15.6) | 7.5 (−4.0, 19.0)## |
| PHYSICAL/SOCIAL ORDER
|
||
| Waking at night | ||
| middle vs. high | 12.9 (0.4, 25.3) | 11.4 (−0.5, 23.3)### |
| low vs. high | 23.1 (8.9, 37.4) | 22.2 (8.6, 35.8) ### |
| Exercise intolerance | ||
| middle vs. high | 11.5 (−0.6, 23.5) | 11.6 (−0.3, 23.6)@ |
| low vs. high | 14.4 (0.5, 28.3) | 15.8 (2.1, 29.5)@ |
| School absences | ||
| middle vs. high | 0.5 (−8.3, 9.2) | −2.7 (−13.0, 7.7)@@ |
| low vs. high | −1.3 (−10.8, 8.2) | −1.5 (−10.9, 7.9)@@ |
| Rescue medication use | ||
| middle vs. high | 5.2 (−10.1, 20.5) | 5.0 (−11.3, 21.2)@@@ |
| low vs. high | 11.5 (−8.0, 31.0) | 13.9 (−7.3, 35.2)@@@ |
| Unplanned medical visits | ||
| middle vs. high | 1.4 (−9.5, 12.4) | −0.8 (−12.5, 10.8)^ |
| low vs. high | 6.3 (−6.6, 19.2) | 4.5 (−8.5, 17.5)^ |
| Controllability | ||
| middle vs. high | 7.9 (−2.2, 18.0) | 12.0 (1.8, 22.3)^^ |
| low vs. high | 4.6 (−6.6, 15.8) | 8.1 (−3.2, 19.4)^^ |
Child respiratory outcomes were number of days in previous 2 weeks recoded as any versus none (referent) except for unplanned medical visits (6 months) and controllability (not at all/somewhat vs. quite or extremely controllable (referent); no reference time period specified); rescue medication use includes 158 diagnosed asthmatics only
3-level neighborhood exposures yielded 2 RDs; high (most favorable) level= referent
Adjusted for child race/ethnicity, parent education, and parent marital status
Adjusted for child race/ethnicity, parent marital status, parent nativity, and parent age
Adjusted for child race/ethnicity, parent education, parent marital status, parent nativity, and parent age
Adjusted for child race/ethnicity, parent marital status, parent nativity, and parent age
Adjusted for parent nativity
Adjusted for parent education, parent marital status, parent nativity, and parent age
Adjusted for child race/ethnicity, parent education, and parent marital status
Adjusted for parent marital status
Adjusted for child race/ethnicity, parent education, parent marital status, and parent nativity
Adjusted for child race/ethnicity, parent education, parent marital status, parent nativity and parent age
Adjusted for child race/ethnicity and parent nativity
Adjusted for child race/ethnicity, parent marital status, parent nativity and parent age