Table 1.

Posttranslational modifications in the ARM region of the HIV-1 Tat protein

Residue Modified	Modification	Enzyme/s	Effect of Modification	Citation/s
K50	Acetylation	KAT3B (p300)	↑ Tat transactivation Dissociates Tat from TAR RNA Binds PCAF through the PCAF bromodomain	Kiernan et al, 1999
		KAT2A (GCN5)		Ott et al, 1999
				Deng et al, 2000
				Col et al, 2001
				Mujtaba et al, 2002
				Dorr et al, 2002
				Bres et al, 2003
				Kaehlcke et al, 2003
	Deacetylation	SIRT1	↑ Tat transactivation Recycles non-acetylated Tat to initiate new transcription cycle	Pagans et al, 2005
K50	Methylation	KMT1E (SETDB1)	↓ Tat transactivation Dissociates Tat from TAR RNA	Van Duyne et al, 2008
K51
K51	Monomethylation	KMT7 (Set7/9)	↑ Tat transactivation Enhances Tat binding to TAR RNA	Pagans et al, 2010
R52	Methylation	PRMT6	↓ Tat transactivation Dissociates Tat and P-TEFb from TAR RNA Increases stability of Tat	Boulanger et al, 2005
R53				Xie et al, 2007
				Silvakumaran et al, 2009