Fig. 4.

Effects of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α neutralising antibody on 5-day aldosterone-induced apoptosis evaluated by annexin-V (green)/propidium iodide (PI; red) (A–D) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL; red) staining (E–H) in human proximal tubular cells at 3 and 5 days after aldosterone treatment (arrows indicate the fluorophore-positive cells). Hoechst 33342 (blue) was used to identify nuclei in each staining (left pictures). Data are expressed as means ± S.E.M.; n = 3 or 4 per group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, compared to the same-day aldosterone-treatment group.