Table 4.
Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Profiles (Mean ± SE or Prevalence %) in Jackson Heart Study Participants without Medical Conditions by Dietary Pattern
| Southern | Fast Food | Prudent | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||||
| T1 (n=588) | T2 (n=588) | T3 (n=589) | p | T1 (n=588) | T2 (n=588) | T3 (n=589) | p | T1 (n=588) | T2 (n=588) | T3 (n=589) | p | |
| Fat-related | ||||||||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.4±0.3 | 31.2±0.3 | 31.1±0.3 | 0.16 | 30.5±0.3 | 30.8±0.3 | 31.4±0.3† | 0.09 | 31.2±0.3 | 31.0±0.3 | 30.4±0.3 | 0.23 |
| WC (cm) | 95.9±0.7 | 99.2±0.7 | 99.8±0.7 | 0.0001 | 96.4±0.7 | 98.8±0.7 | 99.7±7.7 | 0.003 | 98.9±0.7 | 98.4±0.7 | 97.5±0.7 | 0.37 |
| Log LA | 4.08±0.01 | 4.07±0.01 | 4.08±0.01 | 0.79 | 4.09±0.01 | 4.07±0.01 | 4.08±0.01 | 0.58 | 4.08±0.01 | 4.08±0.01 | 4.08±0.01 | 0.99 |
| VAT (cm3) | 681±18 | 722±18 | 764±18 | 0.007 | 691±17 | 740±18 | 731±19 | 0.12 | 714±20 | 722±18 | 721±18 | 0.93 |
| Obesity % | 38.1 | 40.6 | 38.4 | 0.63 | 38.1 | 39.6 | 39.4 | 0.85 | 41.0 | 39.4 | 36.7 | 0.38 |
| High VAT % | 35.1 | 39.1 | 41.6 | 0.22 | 35.8 | 39.7 | 40.1 | 0.44 | 36.8 | 39.3 | 38.3 | 0.79 |
| High liver fat % | 50.7 | 52.8 | 60.3 | 0.002 | 48.8 | 53.3 | 61.3 | 0.0001 | 59.0 | 51.3 | 53.5 | 0.02 |
|
| ||||||||||||
| BP-related | ||||||||||||
| SBP (mm Hg) | 120±0.7 | 120±0.7 | 119±0.7 | 0.31 | 121±0.7 | 120±0.7 | 119±0.7 | 0.17 | 120±0.7 | 120±0.7 | 120±0.7 | 0.82 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 76±0.4 | 77±0.4 | 78±0.4 | 0.002 | 76±0.4 | 77±0.4 | 78±0.4 | 0.002 | 78±0.4 | 77±0.4 | 77±0.4 | 0.12 |
| HTN (%) | 35.0 | 40.6 | 33.8 | 0.15 | 36.4 | 36.0 | 37.2 | 0.95 | 40.6 | 35.5 | 34.0 | 0.19 |
|
| ||||||||||||
| Lipid-related | ||||||||||||
| Log TRG | 4.4±0.0 | 4.4±0.0 | 4.4±0.0 | 0.48 | 4.3±0.0 | 4.4±0.0 | 4.4±0.0 | 0.01 | 4.4±0.0 | 4.4±0.0 | 4.4±0.0 | 0.69 |
| High TRG | 11.4 | 11.4 | 12.7 | 0.71 | 9.9 | 12.9 | 12.7 | 0.19 | 11.4 | 13.2 | 10.9 | 0.41 |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | 56.3±0.6 | 52.9±0.6 | 51.8±0.6 | 0.0001 | 57.1±0.6 | 52.1±0.6 | 51.8±0.6 | 0.0001 | 53.0±0.6 | 53.6±0.6 | 54.5±0.6 | 0.21 |
| Low HDL-C | 29.1 | 30.4 | 31.2 | 0.72 | 25.5 | 32.9 | 32.3 | 0.009 | 30.8 | 31.2 | 28.7 | 0.59 |
|
| ||||||||||||
| Glucose-related | ||||||||||||
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 96.6±0.9 | 97.4±0.9 | 96.8±0.9 | 0.80 | 97.±0.9 | 98.4±0.9 | 96.±0.9 | 0.16 | 96.9±0.9 | 96.6±0.9 | 97.4±0.9 | 0.83 |
| Impaired Glu % | 12.4 | 13.4 | 11.9 | 0.72 | 13.3 | 14.4 | 10.0 | 0.06 | 11.9 | 13.6 | 12.2 | 0.65 |
| T2D % | 5.8 | 8.6 | 6.9 | 0.19 | 5.1 | 8.1 | 7.5 | 0.21 | 6.9 | 6.4 | 7.4 | 0.85 |
|
| ||||||||||||
| Syndrome-related | ||||||||||||
| MetS (%) | 29.4 | 36.9 | 38.3 | 0.056 | 26.1 | 41.5 | 36.4 | 0.0006 | 36.4 | 33.7 | 33.0 | 0.62 |
BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; LA: liver attenuation in Hounsfield unit; VAT: abdominal visceral adipose tissue; BP: blood pressure; SBP/DBP: systolic/diastolic blood pressure; Glu: glucose; HTN: hypertension; TRG: triglyceride; T2D: type 2 diabetes; MetS: metabolic syndrome.