Table 4.
Results per group
| Angle | Varus | Valgus | Control |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD (range) | Mean ± SD (range) | Mean ± SD (range) | |
| Frontal plane | |||
| TTS (°) | 74.8 ± 7.3 (60.7 to 86.1) ‡,§ | 100.5 ± 7.5 (88.3 to 123.0) ‡,§ | 89.0 ± 2.6 (83.7 to 96.4) |
| Sagittal plane | |||
| TCI (°) | 25.4 ± 8.6 (11.4 to 42.2) ‡,§ | 36.3 ± 7.2 (21.6 to 55.7) ‡,§ | 30.5 ± 4.5 (19.9 to 37.9) |
| TDA (°) | 17.1 ± 11.7 (0.1 to 52.1) ‡,§ | 30.1 ± 9.3 (9.9 to 56.5) ‡,§ | 26.3 ± 6.0 (15.8 to 38.4) |
| TI | 6.0 ± 7.2 (−14.5 to 21.3) ‡,§ | 20.5 ± 12.8 (7.3 to 72.9) ‡,§ | 12.2 ± 5.7 (0.0 to 23.0) |
| TA (°) | 24.9 ± 7.8 (11.1 to 42.9) | 30.4 ± 7.8 (9.1 to 52.0) | 28.4 ± 3.0 (23.2 to 34.3) |
| Horizontal plane | |||
| TMT I (°) | 11.6 ± 11.0 (−6.3 to 31.3) ‡,§ | −2.5 ± 15.1 (−42.9 to 44.3) ‡ | 3.7 ± 7.9 (−13.8 to 17.1) |
| TMT II (°) | 19.9 ± 12.8 (−2.3 to 45.3) ‡,§ | 7.5 ± 15.2 (−36.2 to 48.3) ‡ | 12.1 ± 8.6 (−5.3 to 28.4) |
| TNcov (°) | 22.8 ± 15.1 (−10.8 to 56.1) | 16.6 ± 22.3 (−41.2 to 58.3) | 17.5 ± 9.7 (−6.9 to 34.6) |
| TIA (°) | −6.0 ± 35.2 (−95.4 to 47.1) | 3.4 ± 52.6 (−154.7 to 63.7) | 9.0 ± 18.0 (−46.4 to 40.1) |
TTS Tibiotalar surface angle, TCI talocalcaneal inclination angle, TDA talar declination angle, TI tarsal index, TDA talar declination angle, TA talar angle, TMT I & II talometatarsal I and II angles, TNcov talonavicular coverage angle, TIA talonavicular incongruency angle
‡ Significant difference between varus and valgus; § significant difference between varus or valgus and controls (post-hoc Student t-test and Bonferroni stepdown, p < 0.05)