Table 1.
Surface coatings for antigen microarrays. Adopted from [35].
| Surface coating | Immobilization mechanism | Chemical bounding | Advantages/Disadvatages |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nitrocellulose | Hydrophobic adsorption | Non-covalent | No requirement for addit. coupling reagents nor antigen modification/weak binding, loss of activity, high S/N ratios |
| Poly-Lysine | Electrostatic Forces on charged surface | Non-covalent | |
| NHS ester | Lysine residues react with active ester to form amid bounds | Covalent | Stable interaction/unstable in aqueous solution, not orientated |
| Aldehyde | Primary amino-groups react with the aldehyde surface | Covalent | Stable interaction/not orientated |
| Epoxy | Nucleophilic residues (NH, SH) react with epoxy | Covalent | Stable to hydrolysis at neutral pH/not orientated |
| Streptavidin | Biotinylated residues bind to streptavidin | Strongest non-covalent bounding in nature 10−14 M | Site-specific immobilization, strong interaction/antigen modification |