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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Phon. 2012 Nov;40(6):725–744. doi: 10.1016/j.wocn.2012.07.002
(1) Japanese word-initial voiced stops and voiceless stops.
words gloss
daikoɴ daikon radish
daɴɡo round rice cake
daruma Dharma doll
dekoboko jagged
deɴkji light
depa : to department store
doa door
doɴɡɯ ri acorn
do : natsɯ donut
ɡakko : school
ɡarasɯ glass
ɡasɯ gas
ɡe : mɯ game
ɡeɴkji vigor
ɡeta clogs
ɡoma sesami
ɡomi trash
ɡorira gorilla
ɡumi gummy candy
ɡɯ rɯ ɡɯ rɯ spinning
ɡɯ : rock/fist (in rock, paper, scissors game)
tako octopus
tamaɡo egg
taɴpopo dandalion
tebɯkɯro gloves
teɡami letter
tempɯ ra tempura
ti:kappɯ tea cup
ti: ʃats t-shirt
tiʃʃɯ tissue
tomato tomato
to: ɸɯ tofu
tora tiger
kaba hippo
kame turtle
karasɯ crow
ke:kji cake
kemɯri smoke
keʃiɡomɯ eraser
koara koala
kodomo child
koppɯ cup
kɯ ma bear
kɯ ri chestnut
kɯ rɯ ma car
(2) English word-initial voiced stops and voiceless stops.
words gloss
dʌ v dove
dɑl.fn dolphin
dɑŋki donkey
dε.zəɹt desert
dε k deck
dendʒəɹ danger
dɪ ɡɪ ŋ digging
diɹ deer
ditʃ ditch
donət donut
doɹ door
domz domes
dud dude
duk duke
dul duel
ɡʌmdɹɑps gumdrops
ɡɑɹd ɪ n garden
ɡɑlf golf
ɡɪgəlz giggles
ɡɪv ɪ ŋ giving
ɡɪft gift
khʌləɹ color
khʌtɪ ŋ cutting
khɑɹ car
khεtʃəp ketchup
khek cake
khev cave
khi key
kh ɪ k ɪ ŋ kicking
khɪtʃɪ n kitchen
khoko cocoa
khon cone
khot coat
khuɡəɹ cougar
khʊki cookie
khʊkɪ ŋ cooking
th ʌ ŋ tongue
thɑko taco
thɑl tall
theəl tail
th ε nt tent
thest taste
th ɪkəl tickle
thipi tepee
thitʃəɹ teacher
tho ɹn torn
thod toad
thost toast
thunə tuna
thub tube
th tooth