Table 9.

The output of deviance tests and the parameter estimations: adult productions of nasals and voiced stops in Greek and Japanese (Boldface indicates p < 0.05).

	(a) Deviance test				(2) Parameter estimation
Group	Models (predictors)	LLK	Chi df	Chisq.		Estimate	Std. Error
voiced stops
Greek	Intercept (intercept)	−1065			intercept	−17.94	1.04
	Linear (intercept + linear)	−1063	1	4.04	linear	−4.43	1.99
	Quadratic (intercept + linear + quadratic)	−992	1	141.79	quadratic	−3.37	0.23
	Cubic (intercept + quadratic + cubic)	−987	1	9.73	cubic	0.74	0.23
Japanese	Intercept	−307			intercept	−17.53	1.25
	Linear	−298	1	17.01	linear	−4.09	1.16
	Quadratic	−277	1	41.97	quadratic	−2.70	0.46
	Cubic	−277	1	0.96	cubic	0.43	0.46
nasals
Greek	Intercept	−1918			intercept	−6.65	0.74
	Linear	−1909	1	17.90	linear	3.63	0.31
	Quadratic	−1851	1	115.11	quadratic	−1.19	0.10
	Cubic	−1851	1	0.61	cubic	0.08	0.10
Japanese	Intercept	−307			intercept	−6.05	1.03
	Linear	−298	1	17.01	linear	4.87	0.53
	Quadratic	−277	1	41.97	quadratic	−1.96	0.27
	Cubic	−277	1	0.96	cubic	0.26	0.27