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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pancreas. 2012 Nov;41(8):1306–1315. doi: 10.1097/MPA.0b013e31824d64d9

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Speculative Scenario of NNK-activated β-adrenergic Signaling Suppressed by Apigenin NNK binds to the β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) that subsequently activates focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Src to elicit the activation of the mitogenic activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. MAPK pathway involves activation of Ras/Raf/MEK resulting in the activation of ERK. Both the synthetic drug propranolol and the phytochemical apigenin appears to inhibit NNK activation of β-AR at the receptor level.