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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Dec 15.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Cancer. 2012 Oct 3;131(12):2724–2732. doi: 10.1002/ijc.27816

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Mechanistic framework for understanding how cigarette smoking causes lung cancer. All events can occur chronically since a smoker typically uses multiple cigarettes per day for many years.