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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Stem Cells. 2012 Nov;30(11):2535–2547. doi: 10.1002/stem.1213

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Characterization of spontaneous mitochondrial SO flashes in NPCs. (A): Dissociated NPCs at day 3 in culture were immunostained with antibodies against Sox2, nestin and BrdU (after a 16 h exposure to 10 μM BrdU) (green), which are markers of proliferating NPCs. The nuclei of NPCs were counterstained with propidium iodide (red). The image at the lower right shows NPCs transfected with an mt-DsRed plasmid to illustrate the mitochondrial morphology in NPCs. Bar = 20 μm. (B-E): Characteristics of mitochondrial SO flashes in NPCs. Time-lapse images of SO flashes in NPCs (B, D) and results of quantification of mt-cpYFP fluorescence intensity before, during and after a SO flash (C, E); the bipolar NPC in panel B exhibited a flash that occurred in all mitochondria throughout the cell, and the rounded cell in panel D exhibited a flash only in perinuclear mitochondria. Bar = 5 μm. (F): Percentages of NPCs exhibiting whole-cell and perinuclear flashes. (G-I): Distribution and kinetics of whole-cell and perinuclear SO flashes in NPCs. ΔF/F0 is the amplitude of SO flashes where F0 refers to basal fluorescence intensity (G); Tp is the time to peak fluorescence intensity (H); and T50 is 50% decay time after the peak (I). Values are the mean ± SD (n = 17–63 SO flashes analyzed).