Table 2.
Chi-Square and T-Test Results Examining Association Between Age 18 Predictor Variables and Young Adult Initiation.
| Categorical Predictor Variables | Nonsmokers (n=1524) N (%) |
Initiators (n=510) N (%) |
Chi- Square |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 24.91 | <.001 | ||
| Male | 696 (70.0) | 298 (30.0) | ||
| Female | 828 (79.6) | 212 (20.4) | ||
| Race/Ethnicity | 9.61 | .048 | ||
| African American or Black | 69 (85.2) | 12 (14.8) | ||
| American Indian or Alaskan Native | 17 (73.9) | 6 (26.1) | ||
| Asian | 39 (86.7) | 6 (13.3) | ||
| Hispanic or Latino | 30 (81.1) | 7 (18.9) | ||
| White | 1331 (73.9) | 471 (26.1) | ||
| Parent Education | .52 | .915 | ||
| Less than High School | 9 (75.0) | 3 (25.0) | ||
| High School Diploma for GED | 232 (73.2) | 85 (26.8) | ||
| Some College or Associates Degree | 329 (74.8) | 111 (25.2) | ||
| College Degree/Graduate Degree | 800 (75.2) | 264 (24.8) | ||
| Residence | 4.30 | .038 | ||
| Metropolitan | 970 (73.4) | 351 (26.6) | ||
| Nonmetropolitan | 548 (77.6) | 158 (22.4) | ||
| Age 19 Educational Enrollment | 1.91 | .385 | ||
| Not Enrolled | 300 (74.1) | 105 (25.9) | ||
| 2-Year College/Technical School | 248 (72.5) | 94 (27.5) | ||
| 4- Year College | 809 (76.0) | 255 (24.0) | ||
| Perceived Prevalence of Peer Smoking | 2.10 | .349 | ||
| Most or All of Them | 272 (72.5) | 103 (27.5) | ||
| Some | 891 (76.0) | 281 (24.0) | ||
| A Few or None | 359 (74.0) | 126 (26.0) | ||
| Perceived Prevalence of Adult Smoking | 1.56 | .459 | ||
| Most or All of Them | 247 (77.7) | 71 (22.3) | ||
| Some | 1052 (74.4) | 363 (25.7) | ||
| A Few or None | 222 (74.5) | 76 (25.5) | ||
| Bother Parents if Smoked | 3.75 | .053 | ||
| A lot | 1344 (79.3) | 351 (20.7) | ||
| A little or not at all | 149 (73.4) | 54 (26.6) | ||
| Someone in Household Smokes | 4.32 | .038 | ||
| Yes | 347 (71.4) | 139 (28.6) | ||
| No | 1174 (76.1) | 369 (23.9) | ||
| Household Smoking Ban | 3.18 | .075 | ||
| Yes | 1287 (75.8) | 412 (24.3) | ||
| No | 231 (71.1) | 94 (28.9) | ||
| Continuous Predictor Variables | M (SD) | M (SD) | t | p-value |
| Number of Four Best Friends who Smoke (0–4) | .60 (.96) | .80 (1.02) | 4.02 | <.001 |
| Smoking Lifts Mood (1–5) | 1.55 (.94) | 1.66 (1.00) | 2.36 | .018 |
| Smoking Helps Control Weight (1–5) | 1.84 (1.13) | 2.02 (1.26) | 2.83 | .005 |
| Smoking Calms One Down (1–5) | 2.09 (1.25) | 2.40 (1.29) | 4.75 | <.001 |
| Negative Perception of the Tobacco Industry (1–5) | 4.18 (.82) | 4.11 (.86) | 1.69 | .092 |